Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 108 > Bony Fishes & Amphibians > Flashcards

Bony Fishes & Amphibians Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Fish?

A

They are a Paraphyletic group including any completely aquatic craniate that uses gills for respiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What class did Bony fish originally make up?

A

Osteichthyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the root word “osteo” mean?

A

Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What did the root word “Ichthys” mean?

A

FIsh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When restricted to the definition of fish, the cladogram becomes…..

A

paraphyletic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many class make up bony fish today?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many extant spp of fish are there?

A

roughly 27 000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How would you make Osteichthyes a monophyletic clade?

A

You include all other bony vertebrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the first of the characteristics of bony fish?

A

They have bony endoskeletons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a bone?

A

A connective tissue consisting of living cells held in rigid matrix of collagen fibers embedded in calcium salts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the second characteristic of bony fish?

A

They have flat plate-like bony scales.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the third characteristic of bony fish?

A

Their gill opening are covered by a single protective flap called a operculum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the fourth characteristic of Bony fish?

A

They posses lungs or structures derived from lung.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why is it thought that bony fish are the decedents of fresh/ brackish water ancestors?

A

They had simple lungs as well as gills, showing ancestral linage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the former “lung” in modern bony fish?

A

They use it as a swim batter, allows them to alter their level in the water coloum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Do any fish today still have functional lungs?

A

Yes, the lung-fish.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are swim batters?

A
  • it is a air sac that controls buoyancy of fish
  • gas exchange between blood and bladder changes the degree of inflation of bladder.
  • Fish can “float” at depth they choose.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the fifth characteristic of bony fish?

A

They have highly flexible fins that are used for propulsion and for maneuvering.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Do Bony fish have internal or external fertilization?

A

They are commonly external fertilization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the Class of Bony fish known as the ray-finned fish?

A

Actionopterygii.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the root word “actin” mean?

A

Ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What % of extant fish are Actinopterygii?

A

99%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the key characteristic of Actinopterygii?

A

They posses flexible rays that support their fins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the main characteristics of Actinistia?

A
  • They are one of three groups of extant lobed-finned osteichthyans.
25
Q

True or false:

There is only one extant genus of actinistians?

A

True.

26
Q

What is the second class of lobe-finned fish?

A

The coelacanths

- has two species

27
Q

What is common among both classes of lobe-finned fish?

A

They are viviparous and currently restricted to deep marine waters.

28
Q

What is common among both lobe-finned fish (anatomy).

A

Both classes of lobe-finned fish have fleshy, muscular pectoral and pelvic fins supported by bony elements in the base.

29
Q

What was found in the embryos of extant coelacanths?

A

They found well-developed lungs.

30
Q

What is the most well known member of the Dipnoi?

A

The Lung fish.

31
Q

What dose the root word -di_ mean?

A

two

32
Q

What dose the root wprd -pneu-

A

air/breath

33
Q

What is the defining characteristic of Dipnoi?

A

They have gills and lungs

34
Q

What is it called when a Dipnoi gulps air into its lungs from the waters surface by rasing and leering the floor of its mouth?

A

Buccal pump

35
Q

What is the economic significance of Osteichthyes? and what is the issue with them?

A

We eat them. and we farm them

They are at the risk of collapse from over fishing

we are setting aside no-catch reserves to allow the replenishment of wild spp.

36
Q

What is the defining characteristic of the Tetrapoda?

A

They have two pairs of sturdy skeleton supported limbs with digits

37
Q

What dose the root word -tetra- mean?

A

Four

38
Q

Do tetrapoda have gills?

A

They clearly lack gills in adult stages

39
Q

What was the intermediate between Osteichthyes and tetrapods?

A

The tiktaalik Rosea

had some fish features: scales, fin without diguts, and gills+lungs

Had some Tetrapoda features: neck, Ribs, wrist bones, and eyes on top of head.

40
Q

Before we believed that Modern tetrapoda were decedents of vertebrates with ____ digits per limb.

now we know that they are the decedents of vertebrates with _____ digits per limb.

A

5 digits

greater than 5 digits

41
Q

What are the two groups of extant Tetrapods?

A

Amphibia

Amniota

42
Q

Extant members of the Amphibia are a ____________ group sometimes called lissamphibia

A

Monophyletic

43
Q

What is one of the defining features of Amphibia?

A

They have thin, permeable skin

and use Buccal pumps to inflate lungs

44
Q

What is the life cycle of Amphibia?

A

They have eggs that lack shells
They have aquatic larvae
Then they grow up into adults.

45
Q

How do Amphibia pass on sperm?

A

Through external fertilization.

46
Q

What dose the rot word -amphi- mean?

A

Both

47
Q

What dose the root word -bios- mean?

A

Life.

48
Q

Larval amphibia have ____, and adult amphibia have ____

A

gills

lungs

49
Q

What are the two extant orders of living Amphibia?

A

Anura

Urodela

50
Q

What is the most well known Anura?

A

the Frog/toads

51
Q

What is the defining characteristic of Anura?

A

They have hind legs modified for jumping. and lack a tail in their adult stage.

52
Q

What is the main difference between Progs and Toads

A

Toads have poison glands behind their eyes

53
Q

What is the most well known Urodela?

A

Salamanders and newts

54
Q

What is the defining feature of Urodela?

A

They have tails in both larval and adult stages

55
Q

True or false:

some Urodela are Paedogenetic!

A

True

56
Q

What dose it mean to be paedogentic?

A

They become reproductive active while retaining larval form.

57
Q

What is cute about how Urodela get around?

A

They can hardly walk on land, with it being less energetically efficient ( as their legs are on the side of body rather than under.

58
Q

What is one of the leading causes of amphibian decline?

A

Parasitic flatworms, this is increased due to their intermediate hose (snails) do better in organically polluted waters

Bio 108 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions