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Bio 108 > lecture 18 > Flashcards

lecture 18 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the defining feature of Phylum Ecdysozoa?

A

They must molt their cuticle in order to grow.

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2
Q

What is it called when an entire cuticle is shed at one?

A

Ecdysis

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3
Q

What is a cuticle?

A

The non-living outer layer of skin

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4
Q

What is the meaning of the root word -cutis-

A

Skin

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5
Q

What lies below the Cuticle of Ecdysozoa?

A

The epidermis.

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6
Q

What are the three layers that make up the cuticle?

A
  • endocuticle
  • exocuticle
  • epicuticle
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7
Q

What do the root words -endo- -exo- -epi- mean?

A
  • Within
  • outside
  • upon
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8
Q

In arthropods, the cuticle is frequently ________

A

Sclerotized

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9
Q

What dose the root word -scler- mean?

A

Hard

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10
Q

What is it called when only particular regions of an animal are Sclerotized?

A

It is called sclerites (when shaped like plates)

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11
Q

What dose the root word -apolysis- mean?

A

Away from

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12
Q

What dose the root word -lys- mean?

A

loosening

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13
Q

_______________________ ________ _______ is secreted by the epidermis during the second phase of molting

A

Inactive molting fluid.

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14
Q

During the third stage of molting, a thin ______ is deposited between molting fluid and epidermis

A

protective layer.

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15
Q

During the fourth stage of molting, the enzymes within the molting fluid are activated, what happens?

A

The endocuticle is digested.

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16
Q

What happens during the fifth stage of molting?

A

A new differentiated later of cuticle is deposited beneath the protective layer.

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17
Q

Why is the new cuticle winked after it forms beneath the protective layer?

A

This is because it has a greater surface area than the previous one

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18
Q

What is it called when the old exocutucle and epicuticle are molted?

A

ecdysis

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19
Q

Animals may swallow _____ or ________ to help split old skin.

A

Water pr air.

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20
Q

What happens during the 9th stage of molting?

A

The new cuticle expands over the hosts body

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21
Q

What happens during the 10th stage of molting?

A

The outside of the new cuticle is sclerotized by secerations transported through canals

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22
Q

What is the common name for the Phylum Onychophora

A

Velvet worms

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23
Q

What is the defining characteristic of Onychophora?

A

They are soft bodied, segmented, with many pairs of unjointed legs tipped with claws

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24
Q

What is one spp of Onychophpras called?

A

Lobopods

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25
Q

What dose the root word -onych- mean>

A

Claw

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26
Q

What dose the root word -phor- mean?

A

To bear

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27
Q

True or false:

Onychophora moult

A

true.

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28
Q

Are Onychophora cephalized?

A

They show very little cephalization.

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29
Q

What is cephalization?

A

The concentration of sensory organs at the anterior portion of the body.

30
Q

What is it called when you have a open circulatory system?

A

Haemocoel

31
Q

True or false:

Onychophora are haemocoel?

A

True

they have an open circulatory system.

32
Q

Within onychophora, the _______ directly bathes the organs.

A

Haemolymph

33
Q

Like many arthropods, the Onychophora have a single set of _______ on their head and one pair of legs per ________

A

seneroy antennae

segment (legs are not joined)

34
Q

How do onychophora exchange gases?

A

Through a tracheal system.

35
Q

What are the openings in the side of the body of Onychophora called?

A

Stigmata or Spiracles

36
Q

What is the main large-bore tube called that is involved in gas exchange in onychophora

A

Tracheae

37
Q

True or flase:

All Onychophora are predators

A

True.

38
Q

how do Onychophora capture their prey?

A

by shooting glue from glue glands next to their mouth.

39
Q

Like most ecdysozoans, onychophora have ______

A

Separate sexes.

40
Q

What is one strange way that Onychophora get funky?

A

Through Hypodermic insemination.

41
Q

What are the three ways that Onychophora have babies?

A

Oviparous
ovoviviparous
vivparous

42
Q

What is Oviparous?

A 
Ovi = egg 
Pareo = to give birth

This is when an animal gives birth to eggs

43
Q

What is ovoviviparous?

A

viv=alive

The eggs stay inside the mother, hatch inside the mom and then are given birth to the world

44
Q

What is vivparous

A

when an animal gives birth to live young.

45
Q

The ______ ancestors of the Onychophora were _______

A

Cambrian

marine

46
Q

What is the common name for the phylum Tardigrada?

A

Water Bears

47
Q

What kind of limbs do Tradigrada have?

A

They have 4 pairs of claw-tipped lobopod limbs.

48
Q

What dose the Root word -grad- and -tardi- mean?

A

Stepping slowly.

49
Q

What dose tardigrade mean?

A

Slowly stepping

50
Q

True or False:

Tardigrada periodically moult.

A

True.

51
Q

Moss and Soil dwelling Tardigrada have the ability to enter a state of ____________ in response to drying environment.

A

suspendend animation.

52
Q

What is the common name for the Phylum Nematoda?

A

Roundworms or threadworms

53
Q

Despite High species richness within Nematoda, they have _____________ ____________

A

Morphologically tedious

54
Q

True or false:

Nematoda do not molt and are not Ecdysozoa

A

This is false.

They do molt and are Ecdysozoa

55
Q

What is the body structure of Nematoda’s?

A

They are pseudocelomates

56
Q

Most nematodes have _____ sexes, with sperm being transported by ___________

A

Two

Direct intromission

57
Q

How do nematoda grow?

A

They are Eutelic.

58
Q

What dose it mean to be Eutelic?

A

Means that you grow through your cells growing, but nit by adding additional cells.

59
Q

Why are Caenorhabditis elegans a model organism for studying development?

A

Because you can knock out one cell from the embryo and see what is missing as an adult.

60
Q

Most Nematoda are ________ ___________ in organic substrates

A

free living

61
Q

True or False:

Many Nematoda are parasites.

A

True

62
Q

True or false:

Nematoda are among the most medically important animals.

A

True.

63
Q

What is really cool about Arthropoda?

A

They are the most species rich phylum of any organism.

64
Q

True or false:

3/4 out of every names species of animal is an arthropod.

A

True.

65
Q

What are the main characteristics of Arthropods?

A

They have joined limbs

They have a sclerotized cuticle made of chitin that acts as a exoskeleton.

66
Q

What do the root words -arthros- and -pod- mean?

A

joint foot

67
Q

what kind of body organization do Arthropods have?

A

They have segmented bodies

68
Q

Are Arthropods cephalized?

A

They are well cephalized.

69
Q

True or false:

In addition to a head, most arthropods have other tagmata

A

True.

70
Q

What dose the root word -tagma- mean?

A

collection of adjacent segments specialized for some function.

71
Q

What are the 5 main groups of Arthropods?

A

Trilobita

Chelicerata

Myriapoda

Crustacea

Hexapoda

Bio 108 (24 decks)

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