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lecture 18 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the defining feature of Phylum Ecdysozoa?

A

They must molt their cuticle in order to grow.

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2
Q

What is it called when an entire cuticle is shed at one?

A

Ecdysis

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3
Q

What is a cuticle?

A

The non-living outer layer of skin

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4
Q

What is the meaning of the root word -cutis-

A

Skin

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5
Q

What lies below the Cuticle of Ecdysozoa?

A

The epidermis.

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6
Q

What are the three layers that make up the cuticle?

A
  • endocuticle
  • exocuticle
  • epicuticle
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7
Q

What do the root words -endo- -exo- -epi- mean?

A
  • Within
  • outside
  • upon
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8
Q

In arthropods, the cuticle is frequently ________

A

Sclerotized

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9
Q

What dose the root word -scler- mean?

A

Hard

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10
Q

What is it called when only particular regions of an animal are Sclerotized?

A

It is called sclerites (when shaped like plates)

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11
Q

What dose the root word -apolysis- mean?

A

Away from

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12
Q

What dose the root word -lys- mean?

A

loosening

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13
Q

_______________________ ________ _______ is secreted by the epidermis during the second phase of molting

A

Inactive molting fluid.

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14
Q

During the third stage of molting, a thin ______ is deposited between molting fluid and epidermis

A

protective layer.

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15
Q

During the fourth stage of molting, the enzymes within the molting fluid are activated, what happens?

A

The endocuticle is digested.

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16
Q

What happens during the fifth stage of molting?

A

A new differentiated later of cuticle is deposited beneath the protective layer.

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17
Q

Why is the new cuticle winked after it forms beneath the protective layer?

A

This is because it has a greater surface area than the previous one

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18
Q

What is it called when the old exocutucle and epicuticle are molted?

A

ecdysis

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19
Q

Animals may swallow _____ or ________ to help split old skin.

A

Water pr air.

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20
Q

What happens during the 9th stage of molting?

A

The new cuticle expands over the hosts body

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21
Q

What happens during the 10th stage of molting?

A

The outside of the new cuticle is sclerotized by secerations transported through canals

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22
Q

What is the common name for the Phylum Onychophora

A

Velvet worms

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23
Q

What is the defining characteristic of Onychophora?

A

They are soft bodied, segmented, with many pairs of unjointed legs tipped with claws

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24
Q

What is one spp of Onychophpras called?

A

Lobopods

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25
What dose the root word -onych- mean>
Claw
26
What dose the root word -phor- mean?
To bear
27
True or false: | Onychophora moult
true.
28
Are Onychophora cephalized?
They show very little cephalization.
29
What is cephalization?
The concentration of sensory organs at the anterior portion of the body.
30
What is it called when you have a open circulatory system?
Haemocoel
31
True or false: | Onychophora are haemocoel?
True | they have an open circulatory system.
32
Within onychophora, the _______ directly bathes the organs.
Haemolymph
33
Like many arthropods, the Onychophora have a single set of _______ on their head and one pair of legs per ________
seneroy antennae segment (legs are not joined)
34
How do onychophora exchange gases?
Through a tracheal system.
35
What are the openings in the side of the body of Onychophora called?
Stigmata or Spiracles
36
What is the main large-bore tube called that is involved in gas exchange in onychophora
Tracheae
37
True or flase: | All Onychophora are predators
True.
38
how do Onychophora capture their prey?
by shooting glue from glue glands next to their mouth.
39
Like most ecdysozoans, onychophora have ______
Separate sexes.
40
What is one strange way that Onychophora get funky?
Through Hypodermic insemination.
41
What are the three ways that Onychophora have babies?
Oviparous ovoviviparous vivparous
42
What is Oviparous?
``` Ovi = egg Pareo = to give birth ``` This is when an animal gives birth to eggs
43
What is ovoviviparous?
viv=alive The eggs stay inside the mother, hatch inside the mom and then are given birth to the world
44
What is vivparous
when an animal gives birth to live young.
45
The ______ ancestors of the Onychophora were _______
Cambrian marine
46
What is the common name for the phylum Tardigrada?
Water Bears
47
What kind of limbs do Tradigrada have?
They have 4 pairs of claw-tipped lobopod limbs.
48
What dose the Root word -grad- and -tardi- mean?
Stepping slowly.
49
What dose tardigrade mean?
Slowly stepping
50
True or False: | Tardigrada periodically moult.
True.
51
Moss and Soil dwelling Tardigrada have the ability to enter a state of ____________ in response to drying environment.
suspendend animation.
52
What is the common name for the Phylum Nematoda?
Roundworms or threadworms
53
Despite High species richness within Nematoda, they have _____________ ____________
Morphologically tedious
54
True or false: | Nematoda do not molt and are not Ecdysozoa
This is false. They do molt and are Ecdysozoa
55
What is the body structure of Nematoda's?
They are pseudocelomates
56
Most nematodes have _____ sexes, with sperm being transported by ___________
Two | Direct intromission
57
How do nematoda grow?
They are Eutelic.
58
What dose it mean to be Eutelic?
Means that you grow through your cells growing, but nit by adding additional cells.
59
Why are Caenorhabditis elegans a model organism for studying development?
Because you can knock out one cell from the embryo and see what is missing as an adult.
60
Most Nematoda are ________ ___________ in organic substrates
free living
61
True or False: | Many Nematoda are parasites.
True
62
True or false: | Nematoda are among the most medically important animals.
True.
63
What is really cool about Arthropoda?
They are the most species rich phylum of any organism.
64
True or false: | 3/4 out of every names species of animal is an arthropod.
True.
65
What are the main characteristics of Arthropods?
They have joined limbs They have a sclerotized cuticle made of chitin that acts as a exoskeleton.
66
What do the root words -arthros- and -pod- mean?
joint foot
67
what kind of body organization do Arthropods have?
They have segmented bodies
68
Are Arthropods cephalized?
They are well cephalized.
69
True or false: | In addition to a head, most arthropods have other tagmata
True.
70
What dose the root word -tagma- mean?
collection of adjacent segments specialized for some function.
71
What are the 5 main groups of Arthropods?
Trilobita Chelicerata Myriapoda Crustacea Hexapoda

Bio 108 (24 decks)

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