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Bio 108 > Plants Conquer Land/Bryophytes > Flashcards

Plants Conquer Land/Bryophytes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four main groups of plants?

A
  • Non-Vascular Plants (mosses)
  • Seedless Vascular Plants (ferns)
  • Gymnosperms (conifers, Pines)
  • Anigosperms (flowering plants)
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2
Q

What kingdom are planets from?

A

Plantae

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3
Q

What is the common ancestor of plants?

A

Green algae

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4
Q

Within green algae, plants are most closely related to _________

A

Charophytes

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5
Q

What is the rosette-shaped cellulose-synthesizing complex? and why is it significant?

A
  • They are a cell that produce cellulose microfibers of the cell wall.

It is a shared feature between plant and Charophytes

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6
Q

True or false:

Charophytes and plant sperm are very different, leading scientist to question their relation.

A

False.

They are very similar

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7
Q

What structure is present within both plants and Charophytes during cell division?

A

Phramoplasts

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8
Q

What is within the Viridiplantae kingdom?

A

Chlorophytes
Charophyceans
Embryophytes

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9
Q

What kingdom dose the text relate to plants?

A

Plantae aka Embrtophyta

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10
Q

Do both plants and Charophytes both have mutlicellular, dependent embryos?

A

No, plants are the only of the two that have these.

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11
Q

True or false:

Plants embryos have specialized placental cells.

A

True, this is why they are called Embryophyta

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12
Q

Within plants (not Charophytes) what is “alternation of generations”

A

Life cycle in which haploid multicullular and diploid multicelluar body forms alternate

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13
Q

True or false:

Animals have only unicellular haploid stages (gametes)

A

True

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14
Q

What is Sporopollenin? Do Charophytes have them?

A

They are tough, stable polymer in walls of plant spores, including pollen.

No, only plants have them.

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15
Q

True or false:

Both plants and Charophytes have adapted methods to conserve water.

A

False.

Only seen in plants ( and not all plants )

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16
Q

What adaptations have been developed by plants for water consecration?

A
  • Waxy cuticle on epidermis acts as waterproofing

- Stomata pores in the epidermis of leaves and other photosynthetic organs.

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17
Q

What does the key word (Stoma) mean?

A

Mouth

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18
Q

True or false:

Both plants and Charophytes have lignified vascular tissue for internal transport.

A

False.

Only plants

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19
Q

What are the two main types of vascular tissues and what polymer do they contain?

A
  • Xylem cells carry water and minerals up from the root
  • Phloem calls distribute organic products

They both contain ligin

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20
Q

What is a Xylem?

A

A cell that carries water and minerals up from the roots

- dead wall act as microscopic water pipes.

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21
Q

What is a Phloem?

A

A cell that distributes organic products.

- living cells

22
Q

What is are Apical Meristems?

A
  • Undifferentiated tissue from which, new, differentiated, cells arise.
23
Q

Where are Apical Meristems found, how complex are they?

A
  • simple in non-vascular plants

- more complex structures at the tips of shoots and roots in vascular plants.

24
Q

Cells produced by meristems ___________ into various tissues, including surface epidermis and internal tissues.

A

Differentiate.

25
Q

resources are more ________ in terrestrial compared to aquatic habitats

A

Compartmentalized.

26
Q

What are the three Phyla of non-vascular plants?

A

Hepatophyta

Anthocerophyta

Bryophyta

27
Q

What does the root word Hepato mean?

A

Liver

28
Q

What does the root word ‘Phyt” mean?

A

Plant

29
Q

What does the root word “Ceros” mean?

A

Horn

30
Q

What does the root word “Bryo” mean?

A

Moss

31
Q

What does the Phylum Bryophyta refer to?

A

refers to only one Phylum.

32
Q

What dose the term “bryophyte” refer to?

A

Refers to ALL non-vascular plants (because they like to make our lives difficult)

33
Q

What is an example of Hepatophyta?

A

Liverworts

34
Q

What is an example of Anthocerophyta?

A

Hornworts

35
Q

What is an example of Bryophta?

A

Mosses.

36
Q

Are loverworts, mosses, and hornworts monophyletic groups?

A

No they are not monophyletic.

37
Q

what of Liverworts, mosses, abd hornworts are thought to be a sister group to vascular plants?

A

Hornworts (Athocerophyta)

38
Q

What do Bryophytes lack?

A

True Vascular Tissue.

39
Q

What do Bryophytes have in the place of Vascular tissue?

A

Few mosses contain tubes, although they lack lignin.

40
Q

In barophytes haploid (1N) _________ are the most conspicuous, _________ phase of the life cycle.

A

Gametophytes

Dominant

41
Q

What are the characteristics of sporophytes?

A

They are smaller and present only party of the time, being the 2n, diploid portion.

42
Q

True or false:

Bryophyte gametophytes have separate organs for eggs and sperm.

A

True.

43
Q

What organ within Bryophyte gametophytes produces the egg?

A

Archegonium

single egg

44
Q

What organ within Bryophyte gametophytes produces the sperm?

A

Antheridium

produces many flagellated sperm.

45
Q

True or false:

In mosses often, the entire plant is either male or female.

A

True.

46
Q

How do sperm from bryophytes reach eggs, what environment must they live in?

A

They swim through water film to fertilize eggs in archegonia.

They must live in moist places.

47
Q

what is peat?

A

Sphagnum moss that has formed an extensive deposit of undecayed organic materail

48
Q

What is a Miskeg?

A

A expanse of peat bogs in north america.

49
Q

What compounds within Sphagnum inhibit bacterial growth?

A

phenolic compounds and acidic secretions.

50
Q

What is peat used as?

A

Fuel.

51
Q

What is Sphagnum used for?

Name at least 2

A

Soil conditioner, diapers, menstrual pads and antiseptic binding for wounds.

Bio 108 (24 decks)

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