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Bio 108 > Lecture 14 - Fungi 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 14 - Fungi 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a decomposer?

A

Something that breaks down complex organic compounds into inorganic ‘mineral’ forms.

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2
Q

How do most soil-dwelling fungi make their living?

A

By decomposing plant matter.

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3
Q

What is more important in the break down of lignin?

Bacteria or fungi?

A

fungi

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4
Q

What causes fairy rings?

A

It is the result of outward growth of decomposer hyphae

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5
Q

True or false:

Lichen have the ability to break down solid rocks.

A

True,

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6
Q

How do lichen break down rocks?

A
  1. production of acid (carbonic acid)

2. insinuate hyphen into cracks, causing swelling to occur when exposed to water.

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7
Q

What are enfolithic lichens?

A

Lichens that grown entirely under the surface of a rock.

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8
Q

What does the root word “endo” mean?

A

within

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9
Q

What does the root word “lith” mean?

A

Stone.

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10
Q

What is ectomycorrhizae?

A

When hyphae penetrates root but not the cell of plants.

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11
Q

How many species of ectomycorrhizae are there?

A

2000

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12
Q

What are endomycorrhizae? how many are there?

A

it is a fungus that penetrates the cells of plants.

Anything that is not a ectomycorrhizae is a endomycorrhizae within fungi.

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13
Q

True or false:

plants that have ectomycorrhizae grow better with them than without them.

A

True.

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14
Q

What is mycorrhizal innoculation?

A

The fact that plants grow better when combined with their respective ectomycorrhizae.

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15
Q

Are there any plants that lack chlorophyll?

A

Yes, roughly 400 spp.

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16
Q

How do plants that do not conduct photosynthesis gather their carbohydrates?

A

From mycorrhizal fungi

17
Q

What function do achlorophyllous plants in the relationship between the fungi - plant relationship?

A

The achlorophyllous plants act as distant parasites, as the fungi get nothing in return, as the plant feeds on the carbohydrates.

18
Q

What is a blight?

A

A plant-parasitic fungi necroses caused by fungi digesting plant tissue.

19
Q

What is wilt?

A

The blockage of xylem by hyphae by plant-parasitic fungi.

20
Q

What are powdery mildews?

A

Fungi that coat leaves and fruits, penetrating surface cells with special hyphae.

21
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

It is the liberation of plant hormones that cause excessive tissue growth by plant-parasitic fungi .

22
Q

What does the root word “troph” mean?

A

Feeding/food.

23
Q

How can fungi prevent the reproduction of plants? (three ways)

A
  • prevent flowering
  • replace seeds with own fruiting body.
  • replace pollen with fungal spores.
24
Q

What is dutch elm disease?

A

An introduce fungi to north america in 1930 that killed off most native elms in north america.

25
Q

What is chestnut blight?

A

an introduced species of pathogenic fungus that kills chestnut trees.

26
Q

Why do few chestnut trees survive the chestnut blight?

A

because they are infected with a hypovirlent strain of fungus.

27
Q

How can fungi eat bugs?

A

Because insects exoskeletons are made of chitin.

28
Q

What are nematode traps?

A

Fungi that have evolved to trap and eat invertebrates.

29
Q

What is Psilocybin?

A

Magic mushroom

30
Q

What is Ananita muscaria?

A

Also known as Fly agaric, it is a red and white toxic and hallucinogenic mushroom.

31
Q

What was St. Anthony’s Fire?

A

A mysterious ailment that struck poor people in Europe characterized by violent convulsions and formication, along with gangrene.

32
Q

Where did the precursor of LSD originally come from and what is it called?

A

It come from Ergot, ryr bread made from infected grain.

33
Q

What is no bad about eatting Amanita?

A

it will KILL you, one bite is enough to be lethal

Bio 108 (24 decks)

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