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Bio 108 > lecture 20 > Flashcards

lecture 20 Flashcards

1
Q

Deuterostomia have what characteristics of their embryos?

A
  • radial, intermediate cleavage
  • enterocoelous coelom
  • blastopore dose not become mouth.
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2
Q

Why are Echinoderms so abundant in the fossil record?

A

They have calcareous endoskeletons that make them well-suited to fossilization.

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3
Q

What type of symmetry do echinodermata demonstrate?

A

They display a pentaradial symmetry as adults.

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4
Q

What does the root word “penta” mean?

A

It means 5

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5
Q

What is the symmetry of echonodermata larva?

A

They are bilaterally symmetrical

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6
Q

What is the leading hypothesis that conveys why echonodermata larva develop into pentaradial symmetrical organisms.

A

It is based off of Hox genes.

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7
Q

What is the basic morphological structure of Echinodermata?

A

They have oral and aboral sides.

They have a think epidermis that covers a endoskeleton made of ossicles.

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8
Q

What are ossicles?

A

They are small calcareous plates that make up the endoskeleton of Echinodermata.

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9
Q

What dose the root work -ossa- mean?

A

Bone

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10
Q

What dose the root word -echino- mean?

A

Spiny

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11
Q

What dose the root word -derm- mean?

A

Skin

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12
Q

True or false:

The Echinodermata have a unique water vascular system.

A

True.

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13
Q

Within Echinodermata, What is the network of hydraulic canals branching into extensions called?

A

They are called tube feet.

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14
Q

How do echinodermata connect to sea water?

A

Through madreporite.

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15
Q

What are madreporite?

A

Special porous ossicles found in echinodermata

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16
Q

What is the nervous structure of Echinodermata?

A

they have a diffuse nervous system with no defined central brain.

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17
Q

How do Echinodermata reproduce?

A

Through male and females broadcast spawning.

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18
Q

True or false:

Some Echinodermata brood eggs until hatching, forgoing broadcast spawning as females.

A

True.

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19
Q

What is the most well known Member of the Class Asteroidea?

A

The star fish

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20
Q

What dose the root word -aster- mean?

A

Star.

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21
Q

What are the three main phylum of Echinodermata?

A

Asteroidea
Crinoidea
holothuroidea

22
Q

What is the defining feature of the Class Crinoidea?

A

They have their oral side facing up and are filter feeders.

23
Q

Sea lilies, members of the Class Crinoidea are ______ and are mostly sissile.

A

Stalked.

24
Q

True or false:

Feather stars, members of the Crinoidea lack stalks and can walk around.

A

True.

25
Q

What is the defining feature of the Class holothuroidea?

A

They are secoundarily bilaterally symmetrical.

26
Q

How do holothuroidea feed?

A

Through feeding tentacles .

27
Q

What is the skeletal structure of holothuroidea?

A

They have scattered ossicles

28
Q

What is the importance of Echinodermata?

A

They are used in larval cloning.

29
Q

What are the four morphological synapomorphies that unite all chordates?

A
  1. ) notochord
  2. Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
  3. Pharyngeal slits/clefts
  4. muscular post-anal tail.
30
Q

What is a synapomorphie?

A

a characteristic present in an ancestral species and shared exclusively (in more or less modified form) by its evolutionary descendants.

31
Q

What dose the root word Noto mean?

A

back

32
Q

What dose the root word Chord mean?

A

Cord

33
Q

True or false:

The notochord is present in all Chordata embryos and some adults.

A

true.

34
Q

Why is a Dorsal hollow nerve cord unique to Chordata?

A

Most other animals have a solid ventral nerve cord.

35
Q

How is the Dorsal nerve cord devloped?

A

It develops from the plate of the ectoderm dorsal to nerve cord.
plate rolls into tube during emberotic development.

36
Q

What dose the anterior portion of the ectoderm develop into?

A

The brain.

37
Q

What is the function of Pharyngeal slits/clefts?

A

function as suspension feeding device in many invertebrate chordates.

38
Q

What is unique about Chrodata muscle arrangement?

A

It is arranged into sentimental arranged muscle blocks

39
Q

True or false:

Chordates are another segmented phylum.

A

True.

40
Q

What is the most well known Cephalochordata?

A

Lancelets

41
Q

What dose the root word -cephalo- mean?

A

Head

42
Q

How do Cephalochordata feed?

A

They feed through suspension feeding.

43
Q

What is the most well known Urochordata?

A

Tunicates

44
Q

What kind of functionality dose adult urochordata have?

A

They are mostly sessile.

45
Q

How do Urochordata feed?

A

They are filter/suspension feeders

46
Q

The _______ of some groups of Urochordata have all four ________.

A

Tadpole Larvae

Synapomrphies.

47
Q

What dose the root word -uro- mean?

A

Tail

48
Q

Adult urochordata have a massive _____ with many slits.

A

Pharyngeal basket

49
Q

Some species of Urochordata are _______

A

Planktonic

50
Q

What is it called when a Urochordata stays permanently in their larval form?

A

Paedogenesis.

51
Q

What dose the root word -paedo- mean?

A

Child

Bio 108 (24 decks)

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