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Bio 108 > lecture 23: Amniotes > Flashcards

lecture 23: Amniotes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the extant members of the Amniotes calde?

A

Reptiles and mammals

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2
Q

What is the defining feature of Amniotes?

A

They have many terrestrial adaptations

They have a amniotic egg

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3
Q

What is the amniotic egg in Amniotes?

A

An egg with 4 extra-embryonic membranes

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4
Q

What are the 4-extra-embryonic membranes?

A
  1. amnion
  2. yolk sac
  3. allantois
  4. Chorion
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5
Q

True or false:

Most Amniotes have a egg shell that is impervious to water loss

A

True

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6
Q

How do Amniotes transfer sperm?

A

Through copulation & internal fertilization

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7
Q

True or false:

Amniotes have waterproof skin

A

True

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8
Q

How do Amniotes assist in the moment of air?

A

They have muscles in their rib cage that aid in ventilating the lungs.

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9
Q

What is the earliest fossilized Amniote?

A

The Hylonomus, found in Atlantic Canada

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10
Q

What dose the root word =Hylo- mean?

A

Woods

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11
Q

What are the two major clades of the Amniotes?

A

Reptilia

Synapsida

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12
Q

What are Reptilia?

A

Reptiles and birds

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13
Q

What are Synapsida?

A

Mammals

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14
Q

How many skull holes do Diapsid creatures have?

A

two holes per side of the skull

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15
Q

How many skull holes do Synapsid creatures have?

A

One hole per side of the skull

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16
Q

How many skulls do Anapsid creatures have?

A

zero

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17
Q

What is the only extant reptilia with anapsid skulls?

A

Turtles

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18
Q

What are the defining characteristics of non-avian reptilia?

A

They are covered in Keratinous scales

They have leathery eggshells

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19
Q

What are some of the behavioral characteristics of non-avian Reptilia?

A

They mostly rely upon environmental heat to maintain appropriate temperatures

behavioral ectotherms

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20
Q

non-avian Retilia are ____-therms

A

Ecto

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21
Q

what dose the root word -ecto- mean

A

outside

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22
Q

non-avain Reptilia only require __% of the calories as that of mammals of similar size. why?

A

10%

they don’t have to produce their own body heat.

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23
Q

What kind of ‘opening’ do non-avian Reptilia have?

A

cloacas

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24
Q

What is the most well known member of the group Testudines?

A

Turtles and tortosies

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25
What is the defining feature of Testudines?
They have bony dorsal and ventral shields
26
What dose the root word -test- mean?
Shield
27
What is the skull construction of Testudines?
Anapsid
28
What is a cool feature about Testudines?
They can withdraw their heads inside of their carapace for protection
29
Male Testudines have a ___________ organ, that is used to insert sperm into females
intromittent organ
30
What are the Lepidosauria
``` ledpido= scale saur = lizard ```
31
What are the two lineages of Lepidosauria?
Tuataras | Squamata
32
What is the defining feature of the Tuataras?
They have teeth fused to jaw bones | They copulate but are missing intromittant organs
33
What are the most well known Squamata?
Snakes and lizards
34
What dose the root word -squam- mean?
Scaly
35
What are the defining characteristics of Squamata?
``` they have loosely jointed jaws and skulls paired hemipenes (lizards) have external ear openings (snakes do not) ```
36
Do snakes have limbs?
really, do you really need to ask that? no, no they don't.
37
How do snakes kill their prey?
Through suffocation or venom
38
What is one of the defining features of Crocodilia?
they cannot chew
39
True or false: | Extant species of Crocadilia can walk about on land
True
40
How do Crocodilia pass on sperm?
Copulation through a single intromittant organ
41
True or false: | Crocodilia show maternal care.
True
42
What is the economic importance of Lepidosauria?
Turtles are harvested for their eggs and shells Many Squamata are pets Antivenins are made
43
What is the extinct group of anapsid reptiles that may or may not have left any decedents?
The parareptiles
44
What are the two aquatic Diapsids with unplaced lineages?
ischthyosaurs | Plesiosaurs
45
What is one of the largest extinct groups of reptilia?
The Archosauria
46
What dose the root word -arch- mean?
ancient or ruling
47
What are the extinct members of the Archosauria?
Pterosaurs and non-avian dinosaurs
48
What is the root word -deino-
Terror
49
Were dinosaurs endothermic?
Maybe
50
What are the extant groups of Archosauria?
Aves and Crocodillia
51
What are Aves?
Birds
52
What is the most important synapomotphy in Aves?
Feathers
53
Extant Aves have _________beaks and lack_____
Keratinous | teeth
54
how many digits do Aves have?
one main and 2 ting ones on wings with no claws
55
What is the origin of Aves?
Fossiles have shown non-avian dinosaurs with feathers the Archaeopteryx is the most famous extinct bird
56
What are the characteristics of the Archaeopteryx?
They had wings, teeth, and wing claws
57
How do Aves grind up their food?
Within their gizzards
58
What are the Aves adaptations for flight?>
Hollow bones | Reduced organs
59
What kind of therm are birds?
Endotherms
60
What dose the root word Endo mean?
Inside
61
What is it called when an animal (aves) used metabolic energy to maintain a constant body temperature?
homeotherm
62
How do birds care for their feathers>
Through preeing
63
What is preeing?
The process of moving oils from glands at base of tail all over feathers. it also 'zips up' flight and contour feathers
64
True or false: | preeing removes some parasites?
True.
65
How do Aves transfer sperm
through copulation | They have a cloaca
66
Do aves intromit?
No
67
True or false: | Flighlessness has never evolved in Aves
False | it has many times
68
Do aves show Parental care?
Yes, all Aves show some kind parental care
69
What is it called when young can feed themselves?
Precocial
70
What is it called when young cannot feed themselves?
altricial
71
What is the importance of Aves?
``` We eat them (eggs and meat) and we use their feathers We hunt them for sport keep them as pets and bird watch. ```

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