Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHYCH > CH. 1 lect > Flashcards

CH. 1 lect Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

human development

A

scientific study of age-related changes in behavior, thinking, emotion and personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

augustine of hippo

A

4th century philosopher. taught all humans are born w/ selfish nature (original sin) and must seek spiritual salvation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

john locke

A

17th century philosopher. taught children are bonn blank slates. difference come from environment and experiences. (empiricism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

jean-jacues rousseau

A

18th century philosopher. taught humans are naturally good and seek out experiences to help them grow (innate goodness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

charles darwin

A

19th century scientist. taught heredity and environment determines development (evolution)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

norms

A

average ages at which developmental milestones are reached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

G. stanley hall

A

published first scientific study of children and introduced concept of norms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

maturation

A

the gradual unfolding of a genetically programmed sequential patter of change. term coined by arnold gesell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

norm-referenced tests

A

standardized tests that compare an individual child’s score to the average score of others her age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

lifespan perspective

A

current view of developmentalists; important changes occur thoughout entire lifespan and must be interpreted in terms of culture and context. interdisciplinary research is important

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 key points of lifespan devleopment

A

1-plasticity: individuals of all ages possess capacity for change
2-interdisciplinary research critical
3-multicontextual nature of development: development occurs w/in several contexts (family, neighborhood, culture)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

physical domain

A

changes in size , shape and characteristics of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cognitive domain

A

changes in thinking, memory, problem solving, and other intellectual skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

social domain

A

changes in variables that are associated with the relationship of an individual to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

8 periods of development

A

prenatal, infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood/emerging adulthood, middle adulthood, late adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

period of development: prenatal

A

period of development that starts at conception and ends at birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

period of development: infancy

A

period of development that starts at birth and end when children begin to use language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

period of development: early childhood

A

period of development that starts with the use of language and end when child enters school

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

period of development: middle childhood

A

starts with child’s entrance to school and ends with puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

period of development: adolescence

A

starts with puberty and ends at age 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

period of development: early adulthood

A

starts from age 18 to about 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

period of development: middle adulthood

A

starts around age 40 and continues to about 60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

period of development: late adulthood

A

starts around 60 and ends at death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

nature vs. nurture debate

A

debate about the relative contributions of biological processes and experiential factors to development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
inborn bias
notion that children are born with tendencies to respond in certain ways, including the sequence of language acquisition or behaviors like crying, snuggling or smiling
26
internal models of experience
concept that the effect of experience depends not on its objective properties, but rather on the individual's interpretation and the meaning they attach to it
27
continuity-discontinuity debate
whether age-related changes are primarily a matter of amount or degree (continuity) or changes in type or kind (discontinuity)
28
quantitative change
change in amount
29
qualitative change
change in characteristic, kind or type
30
stages
qualitatively distinct periods of development
31
normative age-graded changes
changes that are common to every member of a species, such as a baby's first steps
32
social clock
set of age norms defining a sequence of life experiences that is considered normal in a given culture and that all individuals in that culture are expected to follow
33
ageism
prejudicial view of older adults that characterizes them in negative ways
34
normative history-graded changes
changes that occur in most members of cohort as a result of factors at work during a specific, well-defined historical period
35
non-normative changes
changes that result from unique; unshared events
36
critical period
specific period in development when an organism is especially sensitive to the presence or absence of some particular kind of experience
37
sensitive period
span of months or years during which a child may be particularly responsive to specific forms of experience or particularly influenced by their absence
38
atypical development
development that deviates from the typical developmental pathway in a direction harmful to the individual
39
concept of vulnerability
view that each child is born with vulnerabilities such as tendency towards emotional irritability, alcoholism, allergies, etc.
40
concept of resilience
view that each child is born with protective factors, such as high intelligence, good physical coordination or an easy temperament that make her more resilient to stress
41
goals of developmental science
describe (observe), explain (generate theories), predict (test hypothesis), and influence
42
naturalistic observation
process of studying people in their normal environments
43
case study
an in-depth examination of a single individual
44
correlational study
studies that measure the relationship between variables
45
laboratory observation
observation of behavior under controlled conditions
46
survey
data-collection method in which participants respond to questions
47
population
entire group that is of interest to the researcher
48
sample
subset of group that is of interest to a researcher who participates in a study
49
representative sample
a sample that has the same characteristics as the population to which a study's findings apply
50
correlation
relationship b/t two variables that can be expressed as a number ranging from -1.00 to +1.00
51
experiment
study that tests a casual hypothesis. the primary advantage of this method is the ability to test theories as opposed to simply gathering information
52
experimental group
group in an experiment that receives the treatment that experimenter things will produce a particular effect
53
control group
group in an experiment that receives either no special treatment or a neutral treatment
54
independent variable
presumed causal element in an experiment
55
dependent variable
characteristic or behavior that is expected to be affected by the independent variable
56
cross-sectional design
research design in which groups of people with different ages are compared
57
longitudinal design
research design in which people in a single group are studied at different times in their lives
58
sequential design
research design that combines cross-sectioal and longitudinal examinations of development
59
cohort effects
finding that are the result of historical factors to which one age group in a cross-sectional study has been exposed
60
ethnography
a detailed description of a single culture or context
61
cross-cultural research
important because it helps developmentalists identify universal factors and cultural variables that affect development
62
research ethics
guidelines researchers use to protect rights of animals used in research and humans who participate in studies
63
the 5 ethical research standards
protection from harm, informed consent, confidentiality, knowledge of results and disclosure of deception

PHYCH (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions