Ch. 12 vocab

Question 1

identity

Answer 1

an understanding of one’s unique characteristics and how they have been, are, and will be manifested across ages, situations, and social roles

Question 2

identity vs. role confusion

Answer 2

in Erikson’s theory, the stage during which adolescents attain a sense of who they are

Question 3

identity crisis

Answer 3

Erikson’s term for the psychological state of emotional turmoil that arises when an adolescent’s sense of self becomes “unglued” so that a new, more mature sense of self can be achieved

Question 4

identity achievement

Answer 4

in Marcia’s theory, the identity status achieved by a person who has been through a crisis and reached a commitment to ideological or occupational goals

Question 5

moratorium

Answer 5

in Marcia’s theory, the identity stats of a person who is in a crisis but has made no commitment

Question 6

foreclosure

Answer 6

in Marcia’s theory, the identity status of a person who has made a commitment w/out having gone through a crisis; the person has simply accepted a parentally or culturally defined commitment

Question 7

identity diffusion

Answer 7

in Marcia’s theory, the identity status of a person who is not in the midst of a crisis and who has made no commitment

Question 8

gender role identity

Answer 8

the gender-related aspects of the psychological self

Question 9

ethnic identity

Answer 9

a sense of belonging to an ethnic group

Question 10

preconventional morality

Answer 10

in Kohlberg’s theory, the level of moral reasoning in which judgements are based on authorities outside the self

Question 11

conventional morality

Answer 11

in Kohlberg’s theory, the level of moral reasoning in which judgements are based on rules or norms of a group to which the person belongs

Question 12

postconventional morality

Answer 12

in Kohlberg’s theory, the level of moral reasoning in which judgments are based on an integration of individual rights and needs of society

Question 13

role-taking

Answer 13

the ability to look at a situation from another person’s perspective

Question 14

cyberbullying

Answer 14

form of aggression in which electronic communications are used to intentionally inflict harm on others

Question 15

delinquency

Answer 15

antisocial behavior that includes law-breaking

Question 16

clique

Answer 16

4-6 young people who appear to be strongly attached to one another

Question 17

crowd

Answer 17

a combination of cliques, which includes both males and females