Ch. 5 Vocab Flashcards
(22 cards)
sensorimotor stage
Piaget’s first stage of development, in which infants use information from their senses and motor actions to learn about the world
primary circular reactions
Piaget’s phrase to describe a baby’s simple repetitive actions in substages 2 of the sensorimotor stage, organized around the baby’s own body
secondary circular reactions
repetitive actions in substage 3 of the sensorimotor period, oriented around external objects
means-end behavior
purposeful behavior carried out in pursuit of a specific goal
tertiary circular reactions
the deliberate experimentation with variations of previous actions that occurs in substage 5 of the sensorimotor period
object permanence
the understanding that objects continue to exist hen they can’t be seen
a-not-b error
substage 4 infants’ tendency to look for an object in the place where it was last seen (position A) rather than in the pale to which they have seen a researcher move it (position B)
deferred imitation
imitation that occurs in the absence of the model who first demonstrated it
object concept
an infant’s understanding of the nature of objects and how they behave
violation-of-expectations method
a research strategy in which researchers moe an object in one way after having taught an infant to expect it to move in another
schematic learning
organization of experiences into expectancies, called schemas, that enable infants to distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar stimuli
babbling
the repetitive vocalizing of consonant-vowel combinations by an infant
language acquisition advice (LAD)
an innate language processor, theorized by Chomsky, that contains the basic grammatical structure of all human language
interactionists
theorists who argue that language development is a subprocess of general cognitive development and is influenced by both internal and external factors
infant-directed speech (IDS)
the simplified, higher-pitched speech that adults use with infants and young children
cooing
making repetitive vowel sounds, particularly the uuu sound
receptive language
comprehension of spoken language
expressive language
the ability to use sounds, signs, or symbols to communicate meaning
holophrases
combinations of gestures and single words that convey more meaning than just the word alone
naming explosion
the period when toddlers experience rapid vocabulary growth, typically beginning between 16-24 months
telegraphic speech
simple two-wordsentences the usually include a noun and a verb
infections
additions to words that change their meaning (e.g. the s in toys, the ed in waited)
