CH. 7 Lect Flashcards
(28 cards)
centration
young child’s tendency to think of the world in terms of one variable at a time
conservation
the understanding that matter an change in appearance w/out changing in quantity
corpus callosum
the membrane that connects the right and left hemispheres of the cerebral cortex
egocentrism
young child’s belief that everyone sees and experiences the world the way he or she does
false-belief principle
understanding that enables a child to look at a situation from another person’s POV and determine what kind of information will cause that person to have a false belief
fast-mapping
the ability to categorically link new words to real-world referents
grammar explosion
period during when the grammatical features of children’s speech become more similar to those of adult speech
handedness
strong preference for using one hand or the other that develops b/t 3-5 years of age
hippocampus
brain structure that is important in learning. the elongated ridges on the floor of each lateral ventricle of the brain. though to be the center of emotion, memory, and the autonomic nervous system
intelligence quotient (IQ)
the ratio of mental age to chronological age; also, a general term for any kind of score derive from an intelligence test
invented spelling
strategy young children with good phonological awareness skills use when they write
lateralization
process though which brain functions are divided b/t 2 hemispheres of the cerebral cortex
metacognition
knowledge about how the mind thinks and the ability to control and reflect on one’s own though process
metamemory
knowledge about how memory works and the ability to control and reflect on one’s own memory function
operational efficiency
neo-Piagetian tem that refers to the maximum number of schemes that can be processed in working memory at one time
over regularization
attachment of regular inflections to irregular words, such as the substitution of “go-ed” for “went”
phonological awareness
children’s understanding of the sound patterns of the language they are acquiring
pre-operational stage
Piaget’s 2nd stage of cognitive development, during which children become proficient in the use of symbols in thinking and communicating but still have difficulty thinking logically
reaction range
range, established by one’s genes, b/t upper and lower boundaries for traits such as intelligence; one’s environment determines where, w/in those limits, one will be
semiotic (symbolic) function
understanding that one object or behavior can represent another
short-term storage space (STSS)
neo-Piagetian theorist, Robbie Case’s term for he working memory
theory of mind
set of ideas constructed by a child or adult to explain other people’s ideas, beliefs, desires and behavior
scaffolding
variety of instructional techniques used to move students progressively toward stronger understanding and, ultimately, greater independence in the learning process
zone of proximal development
distance b/t the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance, or in collaboration w/ more capable peers
