Ch5

Question 1

The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others

Answer 1

Personality

Question 2

Factors determined at conception

Answer 2

Heredity

Question 3

Enduring characteristics that describe a person’s behavior

Answer 3

Personality traits

Question 4

A personality test that taps four characteristics and classifies people into 1 of 16 personality types

Answer 4

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Question 5

A personality assessment that taps five basic dimensions

Answer 5

Big Five Model

Question 6

A personality dimension describing someone who is sociable, gregarious, and assertive

Answer 6

Extraversion

Question 7

A personality dimension that describes someone who is good natured, cooperative, and trusting

Answer 7

Agreeableness

Question 8

A personality dimension that describes someone who is responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized

Answer 8

Conscientiousness

Question 9

A personality dimension that describes someone as calm, self-confident, and positive

Answer 9

Emotional stability

Question 10

A personality dimension that characterizes someone in terms of imagination, sensitivity, and curiousity

Answer 10

Openness to experience

Question 11

A constellation of negative personalities consisting of Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy

Answer 11

Dark Triad

Question 12

The degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means

Answer 12

Machiavellianism

Question 13

The tendency for a lack of concern for others and a lack of guilt or remorse when their actions cause harm

Answer 13

Psychopathy

Question 14

The framework by which individuals react to stimuli, whereby approach motivation is attraction to positive stimuli and avoidance motivation is our aversion to negative stimuli

Answer 14

Approach-avoidance framework

Question 15

Bottom line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person

Answer 15

Core-self evaluation

Question 16

A personality trait that measures an individual’s ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors

Answer 16

Self-monitoring

Question 17

People who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs

Answer 17

Proactive personality

Question 18

A theory indicating that the way personality translates into behavior depends on the strength of the situation

Answer 18

Situation-strength theory

Question 19

What are the four elements of the situation-strength theory?

Answer 19

Clarity, consistency, constraints, consequences

Question 20

A theory that predicts that some situations, events, or interventions “activate” a trait more than others

Answer 20

Trait activation theory

Question 21

Basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or endstate of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct

Answer 21

Values

Question 22

A hierarchy based on rankings of an individual’s values in terms of their intensity

Answer 22

Value system

Question 23

Desirable end-states of existence; the goals a person would like to achieve during their lifetime

Answer 23

Terminal values

Question 24

Preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one’s terminal values

Answer 24

Instrumental values

Question 25

A theory that identifies six personality types and proposes that the fit between personality type and occupational environment determines satisfaction and turnover

Answer 25

Personality-job fit theory

Question 26

What are the six personality types associated with the personality-job fit theory?

Answer 26

1) Realistic 2) Investigative 3) Social 4) Conventional 5) Enterprising 6) Artistic

Question 27

A national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally

Answer 27

Power distance

Question 28

A national culture attribute that describes the degree to which people prefer to act as individuals rather than as members of groups

Answer 28

Individualism

Question 29

A national culture attribute that describes a tight social framework in which people prefer to act as individuals rather than as members of a group

Answer 29

Collectivism

Question 30

A national culture attribute that describes the extent to which the culture favors traditional masculine work

Answer 30

Masculinity

Question 31

A national culture attribute that indicates little differentiation between male and female roles

Answer 31

Femininity

Question 32

A national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations and tries to avoid them

Answer 32

Uncertainty avoidance

Question 33

A national culture attribute that emphasizes the future, thrift, and persistence

Answer 33

Long-term orientation

Question 34

A national culture that emphasizes the past and present, with respects for tradition, and fulfillment of social obligations

Answer 34

Short-term orientation