Chapter 1

Question 1

The scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another.

Answer 1

Social Psychology

Question 2

The study of people in groups and societies.

Answer 2

Sociology

Question 3

Difference of Sociology and Social Psychology.

Answer 3

Sociology focuses on the interplay of the group while Social Psychology focuses on the individual in the group.

Question 4

How we perceive others and ourselves, what we believe, judgements we make, and our attitudes.

Answer 4

Social thinking

Question 5

Culture, pressure to conform, persuasion, and groups of people.

Answer 5

Social influence

Question 5

Prejudice, aggression, attraction, intimacy, and helping.

Answer 5

Social relations

Question 6

1. We construct our social
   reality
2. Our social intuitions are
   powerful, sometimes perilous
3. Attitudes shape, and are
   shaped by, behavior

Answer 6

Social thinking

Question 7

4. Social influences shape
   behavior
5. Dispositions shape
   behavior

Answer 7

Social influences

Question 8

6. Social behavior is also
   biological behavior
7. Feelings and actions toward
   people are sometimes
   negative (prejudiced,
   aggressive) and sometimes
   positive (helpful, loving)

Answer 8

Social relations

Question 9

Influenced by our lenses (experience, beliefs, etc.)

Answer 9

Subjective reality

Question 10

When is the first scientific research in Soc. Psych?

Answer 10

1904

Question 11

A method which explains that the individual has control over their feelings.

Answer 11

Push-button technique

Question 12

A process which operates on two levels—one
conscious and deliberate, the other unconscious and automatic.

Answer 12

Dual processing

Question 13

Social psychologist Hazel Markus (2005) sums it up: “People are, above all….?

Answer 13

Malleable

Question 14

What kind of organism are people?

Answer 14

Bio-psycho-social organism

Question 15

Investigates how values form, why they change, and how they influence attitudes and actions.

Answer 15

Social Psychologist

Question 16

People who, with their needs for survival, safety, belonging, and self-esteem satisfied, go on to fulfill their human potential.

Answer 16

Self-actualized people

Question 17

4 examples of value judgments.

Answer 17

Defining the good will
Professional advice
Forming concepts
Labeling

Question 18

The tendency to exaggerate,
after learning an outcome, one’s
ability to have foreseen how
something turned out; what errors in judging the future’s foreseeability and in remembering our past combine to create.

Answer 18

Hindsight bias

Question 19

Hindsight bias is also called?

Answer 19

I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon

Question 20

Experiments, however, reveal that outcomes are more “obvious” when the facts are known?

Answer 20

After

Question 21

An integrated set of principles
that explain and predict observed events.

Answer 21

Theory

Question 21

Theories are what that summarize and explain facts?

Answer 21

Ideas

Question 22

A testable proposition that describes a relationship that may exist between events.

Answer 22

Hypothesis

Question 23

A Social psychological research that is a controlled situation.

Answer 23

Laboratory research

Question 24

Research done in natural, real- life settings outside the laboratory; everyday situation.

Answer 24

Field research

Question 25

The study of the naturally occurring relationships among variables.

Answer 25

Correlational research

Question 26

Studies that seek clues to cause–effect relationships by manipulating one or more factors (independent variables) while controlling others (holding them constant).

Answer 26

Experimental research

Question 27

Survey procedure in which every person in the population being studied has an equal chance of inclusion.

Answer 27

Random sampling

Question 28

4 biasing influences.

Answer 28

Unrepresentative samples Order of questions Response options Wording of questions

Question 29

The way a question or an issue is posed; framing can influence people’s decisions and expressed opinions.

Answer 29

Framing

Question 30

The process of assigning participants to the conditions of an experiment such that all persons have the same chance of being in a given condition.

Answer 30

Random assignment

Question 31

Difference of random sampling and random assignment.

Answer 31

Random assignment helps us infer cause and effect while random sampling helps us generalize to a population.

Question 32

The experimental factor that a researcher manipulates.

Answer 32

Independent variable

Question 33

The variable being measured, so called because it may depend on manipulations of the independent variable.

Answer 33

Dependent variable

Question 34

Repeating a research study, often with different participants in different settings, to determine whether a finding could be reproduced.

Answer 34

Replication

Question 35

Degree to which an experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations.

Answer 35

Mundane realism

Question 36

Degree to which an experiment absorbs and involves its participants.

Answer 36

Experimental realism

Question 37

In research, an effect by which participants are misinformed or misled about the study’s methods and purposes.

Answer 37

Deception

Question 38

Cues in an experiment that tell the participant what behavior is expected.

Answer 38

Demand characteristics

Question 39

An ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate.

Answer 39

Informed consent

Question 40

In social psychology, the postexperimental explanation of a study to its participants; usually discloses any deception and often queries participants regarding their understandings and feelings.

Answer 40

Debriefing

Question 41

What does WEIRD mean?

Answer 41

Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic