Chapter 6 (Midterms)

Question 1

A change in behavior or belief
as the result of real or imagined
group pressure.

Comes in two forms:
Acceptance and Compliance; overall term for
acting differently due to the influence of
others; acting or thinking differently from the way you would act and think if you were
alone

Answer 1

Conformity

Question 2

Conformity that involves both acting and believing in accord with social pressure.

Answer 2

Acceptance

Question 3

Conformity that involves publicly acting in accord with an implied or explicit request while privately disagreeing.

Answer 3

Compliance

Question 4

A type of compliance involving acting in accord with a direct order or command.

Answer 4

Obedience

Question 5

Self (auto) motion (kinetic).

The apparent movement of a stationary point of light in the dark.

Answer 5

Autokinetic phenomenon

Question 6

A behavior that we share with most vertebrates; “fixed action pattern” that lasts about six seconds, with a long inward breath and shorter climactic (and pleasurable) exhalation

Answer 6

Yawning

Question 7

Neurons that rehearse or mimic witnessed actions

Answer 7

Mirror neurons

Question 8

Phenomenon of just being around happy people can help us feel happier

Answer 8

Mood linkage

Question 9

Our natural mimicry of others’ postures and language generally elicits liking—except when echoing others’ negative expressions, such as anger

Answer 9

Chameleon effect

Question 10

Suggestibility to problems that spreads throughout a large group of people.

Answer 10

Mass hysteria

Question 11

4 DETERMINING FACTORS OF
OBEDIENCE

Answer 11

1. The Victim’s Distance
2. Closeness and Legitimacy of the Authority
3. Institutional Authority
4. Liberating Effects of Group Influence

Question 12

A determining factor of obedience which states that it is easiest to abuse someone who
is distant or depersonalized; people act most compassionately toward those who are personalized.

Answer 12

The Victim’s Distance

Question 13

A trait wherein an individual is seen as unimportant because their thoughts or feelings do no matter

Answer 13

Depersonalize

Question 14

A determining factor of obedience where if the one making the command is physically
close, compliance increases; the authority must be perceived as legitimate to be obeyed.

Answer 14

Closeness and Legitimacy of the
Authority

Question 15

An individual who is entitled to have its decisions and rules accepted by others.

Answer 15

Legitimate Authority

Question 16

A determining factor of obedience where authorities backed by institutions wield social power.

Answer 16

Institutional Authority

Question 17

A society or organization founded for a religious, educational, social, or similar purpose

Answer 17

Institution

Question 18

A determining factor of obedience which states that conformity can also be constructive and be liberated.

Answer 18

Liberating Effects of Group Influence

Question 19

Showing freedom from social conventions or traditional ideas

Answer 19

Liberated

Question 20

When external influences override inner
convictions, attitudes fail to determine behavior.

Answer 20

Behavior and Attitudes

Question 21

In trying to break with social constraints, we
suddenly realize how strong we are.

Answer 21

Power of Social Norms

Question 22

6 situations/conditions which predict conformity

Answer 22

Group Size
Unanimity
Cohesion
Status
Public Response
Prior Commitment

Question 23

A situation/condition which predicts conformity where people conform most when three or more people, or groups, model
the behavior or belief.

Answer 23

Group size

Question 24

A situation/condition which predicts conformity where people will usually voice their own convictions if just one other person
has also differed from the majority.

Answer 24

Unanimity

Question 25

A situation/condition which predicts conformity where a minority opinion from someone outside the groups we identify with sways us less than the same minority opinion from someone within our group

Answer 25

Cohesion

Question 26

A “we feeling”; the extent to which members of a group are bound together, such as by attraction to one another.

Answer 26

Cohesiveness

Question 27

A situation/condition which predicts conformity where higher-status people tend to have more impact and lower-status people tend to conform more

Answer 27

Status

Question 28

A situation/condition which predicts conformity where people conform more when they must respond in front of others rather than writing their answers privately.

Answer 28

Public response

Question 29

A situation/condition which predicts conformity where a prior commitment to a certain behavior or belief increases the likelihood that a person will stick with that commitment rather than conform

Answer 29

Prior commitment

Question 30

2 Forms of Social Influence

Answer 30

Normative influence Informational influence

Question 31

Conformity based on a person’s desire to fulfill others’ expectations, often to gain acceptance.

Answer 31

Normative influence

Question 32

Conformity occurring when people accept evidence about reality provided by other people.

Answer 32

Informational influence

Question 33

3 Predictors on How Conformity Varies

Answer 33

Personality Culture Social Roles

Question 34

A predictor on how conformity varies where people higher in agreeableness and conscientiousness are more likely to conform; people high in openness to experience are less likely to conform.

Answer 34

Personality

Question 35

People who value getting along with others

Answer 35

Agreeableness

Question 36

People who follow social norms for neatness and punctuality

Answer 36

Conscientiousness

Question 37

People has creativity and socially progressive thinking

Answer 37

Openness

Question 38

A predictor on how conformity varies which states that conformity rates are higher in collectivistic countries and more conformist times such as the 1950s.

Answer 38

Culture

Question 39

A predictor on how conformity varies which states that social life is like acting on a theatrical stage, with all its scenes, masks, and scripts, and those roles have much to do with conformity

Answer 39

Social roles

Question 40

Changing oneself or empathize with people whose roles differ from their own to intentionally play a new role and conform to its expectations.

Answer 40

Role Reversal

Question 41

2 factors that motivate people to actively resist social pressure

Answer 41

Reactance Asserting uniqueness

Question 42

A factor that is a motive to protect or restore one’s sense of freedom; arises when someone threatens our freedom of action.

Answer 42

Reactance

Question 43

People act to protect their sense of freedom

Answer 43

Theory of psychological reactance

Question 44

An anticonformity produced when a restrict to a person's freedom is attempted

Answer 44

Boomerang effect

Question 45

A factor that motivates people to actively resist social pressure where people feel better when they see themselves as moderately unique and act in ways that will assert their individuality

Answer 45

Asserting uniqueness