Chapter 10

Question 1

Defined as intentional and repeated aggression (bullying, harassing, or
threatening someone) via email, texts, social
networking sites, and other electronic media

Answer 1

Cyberbullying

Question 2

Physical or verbal behavior intended to
cause harm.

Answer 2

Aggression

Question 3

2 types of aggression

Answer 3

Physical aggression
Social aggression

Question 4

Hurting someone else’s body.

Answer 4

Physical aggression

Question 5

Hurting someone else’s feelings or
threatening their relationships.

Answer 5

Social aggression

Question 6

Social aggression is sometimes called?

Answer 6

Relational aggression.

Question 7

Bullying researchers Dan Olweus and Kyrre
Breivik (2013) describe the consequences of
bullying as?

Answer 7

“the opposite of well-being.”

Question 8

Aggression that springs from anger; its goal is to injure.

Answer 8

Hostile Aggression

Question 9

Aggression that aims to injure, but only as a means to some other end.

Answer 9

Instrumental Aggression

Question 10

Contended that aggressive energy will accumulate from within, like water accumulating behind a dam.

Answer 10

Instinct view

Question 11

Primitive death urge

Answer 11

“death instinct”

Question 12

Innate, unlearned, and universal behavior
pattern exhibited by all members of a
species.

Answer 12

Instinctive behavior

Question 13

Acts like an emergency brake on deeper brain areas involved in aggressive behavior

Answer 13

Prefrontal cortex

Question 14

Specific gene linked to aggression; some
even call it the “warrior gene” or the
“violence Gene”.

Answer 14

MAOA-L

Question 15

BIOCHEMICAL INFLUENCES (3)

Answer 15

Alcohol
Testosterone
Poor diet

Question 16

According to the second view, this causes anger and hostility; blocking of goal-directed behavior.

Answer 16

Frustration

Question 17

Theory that frustration triggers a readiness to aggress.

Answer 17

Frustration-aggression theory

Question 18

Redirection of aggression to a target other than the source of the frustration.

Answer 18

Displacement

Question 19

Lacking what others have

Answer 19

Absolute deprivation

Question 20

Feeling deprived

Answer 20

Relative deprivation

Question 21

Presents aggression as learned behavior.

Answer 21

Social learning view

Question 22

Theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded and punished.

Answer 22

Social learning theory

Question 23

Example of social learning theory

Answer 23

The Family
The Culture

Question 24

AVERSIVE INCIDENTS (5)

Answer 24

Pain
Heat
Attacks
Arousal
Aggression cues

Question 25

Basic trigger of hostile aggression

Answer 25

Aversive stimulation

Question 26

Intense mental distress, suffering, or emotion that is the result of unpleasant thoughts, beliefs, and perceptions.

Answer 26

PSYCHOLOGICAL PAIN

Question 27

People tend to respond with increased aggression in response to aggression.

Answer 27

"an eye for an eye" response

Question 28

When a weapon is perceived as an instrument of violence rather than a recreational item.

Answer 28

Aggression Cues

Question 29

Idea that some women would welcome sexual assault and that “no doesn’t really mean no”.

Answer 29

RAPE MYTH

Question 30

MEDIA INFLUENCES (2)

Answer 30

Pornography and Sexual Violence Television and the Internet

Question 31

Media consumption has been shown to influence behavior in three (3) ways:

Answer 31

Arousal Disinhibition Imitation

Question 32

Positive, constructive, helpful social behavior; the opposite of antisocial behavior.

Answer 32

Prosocial Behavior

Question 33

Media’s Effects on Thinking (4)

Answer 33

Desensitization Social Scripts Altered Perceptions Cognitive Priming

Question 34

Repeat an emotion-arousing stimulus, and the emotional response will “extinguish.”

Answer 34

Desensitization

Question 35

Culturally provided mental instructions for how to act in various situations.

Answer 35

Social Scripts

Question 36

For those who watch much television, the world becomes a scary place; media portrayals shape perceptions of reality.

Answer 36

Altered Perceptions

Question 37

Watching violent programs can lead to an increase in aggression-related thought patterns, which in turn can influence individuals' behavior.

Answer 37

Cognitive Priming

Question 38

Give 2 effects of Video Games:

Answer 38

1.Increases in aggressive behaviors 2.Increases in aggressive thoughts

Question 39

Aggressive drive is reduced when one “releases” aggressive energy, either by acting aggressively or by fantasizing aggression.

Answer 39

Catharsis Hypothesis

Question 40

Psychological phenomenon in which people are less likely to take action when in the presence of a large group of people.

Answer 40

DIFFUSION OF RESPONSIBILITY

Question 41

Psychological phenomenon in which beliefs, attitudes, and decisions of groups tend to be more amplified or more extreme than those held by individuals.

Answer 41

GROUP POLARIZATION

Question 42

Spread of emotions or behaviors from one individual to another, sometimes without awareness.

Answer 42

SOCIAL CONTAGION

Question 43

Tendency of the people in a group to think and behave in ways that conform with others in the group rather than as individuals.

Answer 43

HERD MENTALITY

Question 44

If aggressive behavior is learned, then there is hope for its control.

Answer 44

SOCIAL LEARNING APPROACH

Question 45

It is wise to refrain from planting false, unreachable expectations in people’s minds.

Answer 45

Reducing aversive stimulation

Question 46

We should reward cooperative, nonaggressive behavior.

Answer 46

Rewarding and modeling nonaggression

Question 47

Refers to a change in beliefs, values, methods, processes and systems, which can lead to changes in individual behavior.

Answer 47

Culture Change