Chapter 9 Flashcards
(52 cards)
Preconceived negative judgment of a group and its individual members.
Prejudice
Belief about the personal attributes of a group of people; sometimes overgeneralized, inaccurate, and resistant to new information (and sometimes accurate).
Stereotype
Unjustified negative behavior toward a group or its members.
Discrimination
Institutional practices that discriminate, even when there is no prejudicial intent.
Racism & Sexism
What you know without knowing that you know; it does so by measuring people’s speed of association.
“Implicit cognition”
May change dramatically with education.
Explicit attitudes
May linger, changing only as we form new habits through practice.
Implicit attitudes
Most people support racial equality and deplore discrimination.
Subtle Racial Prejudice
Unconscious associations may only indicate
cultural assumptions, perhaps without prejudice (which involves negative feelings
and action tendencies).
Automatic Racial Prejudice
Men and women agree that you can judge the book by its sexual cover.
Gender Stereotypes
Judging from what people tell survey
researchers, attitudes toward women have changed as rapidly as racial attitudes.
Sexism: Benevolent & Hostile
Being male isn’t all roses; compared to women, men are three times more likely to commit suicide and be murdered; such tendencies are especially likely among men who objectify women by implicitly associating
them with animals or objects.
Gender discrimination
“Most of the world’s gay and lesbian people cannot comfortably disclose who they are and whom they love.”
GAY-LESBIAN PREJUDICE
“Unequal status breeds prejudice.”; prejudice helps justify the economic and social superiority of those who have wealth and power.
Social Inequalities
Motivation to have one’s group dominate other social groups.
Social dominance orientation
Prejudice springs from unequal status and from other social sources, including our acquired values and attitudes.
Socialization
Personality that is disposed to favor
obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower in status.
Authoritarian Personality
Believing in the superiority of one’s own ethnic and cultural group, and having a corresponding disdain for all other groups.
Ethnocentric
Consider those who benefit from social
inequalities while avowing that “all are created equal.”
Religion and Racial Prejudice
Considering three possibilities: between two variables—religion and prejudice: (3)
No causal connection
Prejudice causes religion
Religion causes prejudice
People with less education are both more
fundamentalist and more prejudiced.
No causal connection
By leading some people to create religious
ideas to support their prejudices; people who feel hatred may use religion, even God, to justify their contempt for the other.
Prejudice causes religion
Such as by leading people to believe that
because all individuals possess free will, impoverished minorities have themselves to blame for their status, and gays and lesbians chose their orientation.
Religion causes prejudice
If prejudice is socially accepted, many people will follow the path of least resistance and conform to the fashion; they will act not so
much out of a need to hate as out of a need to be liked and accepted.
Conformity
