Flashcards in Chapter 10: Shock Deck (65):
1
shock = _____
hypoperfusion
2
shock means a state of collapse and failure of the ______ system that leads to ____
CV system that leads to inadequate circulation
3
in the ___ stages of shock, the body attempts to maintain homeostasis
early
4
as shock progresses _____ slows and eventually ceases
blood circulation
5
shock can occur because of medial or traumatic events like:
1.
2.
3.
4.
1. heart attack
2. severe allergic reaction
3. automobile crash
4. gunshot wound
6
_____ is the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cell's current needs
perfusion
7
list the two circuits in the body
systemic and pulmonic
8
the _____ circulation carries oxygen-rich blood from the LV through the body and back to the RA
systemic
9
____ is a passive process in which molecules move from an area with high conc of molecules to an area of lower conc
diffusion
10
three parts of the CV system, called the "perfusion triangle"
pump (heart)
set of pipes (bv and arteries)
blood
11
blood flow through the capillary beds is regulated by the _____, circular muscular walls that constrict and dilate
capillary sphincters
12
these sphincters are under control of the
ANS
13
perfusion requires more than just having a working CV system. it also requires adequate ____, _____, and ____
oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal
14
the _____ and _____ are triggered when the body senses that the pressure in the system is failing
ANS and hormones
15
shock can result from many conditions including;
1.
2.
3.
4.
1. bleeding
2. respiratory failure
3. acute allergic reactions
4. overwhelming infection
16
3 main causes of shock
1. pump failure
2. low fluid volume
3. poor vessel function
17
_____ is caused by inadequate function of the heart (pump failure)
cardiogenic shock
18
a major effect of cardiogenic schock is backup of blood in the lungs or ______
pulmonary edema
19
______ occurs when conditions that cause mechanical obstruction of the cardiac muscle also affect the pump function
obstructive shock
20
2 examples of obstructive shock
1. cardiac tamponade
2. tension pneumothorax
21
_____ is a collection of fluid between the peridcardial sac and the myocardium
cardiac tamponade
22
signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade are known as
beck's triad (JVD, muffled heart sounds, and systolic and diastolic BP starting to merge)
23
____ is caused by damage to lung tissue
tension pneumothorax
24
a tension pneumothorax allows are normally held in the lung to escape into the
chest cavity (which applies pressure to the heart)
25
_____ results when there is a widespread dilation of small arterioles, venules, or both
distributive shock
26
4 types of distributive shock
1. septic shock
2. neurogenic shock
3. anaphylactic shock
4. psychogenic shock
27
___ occurs as a result of severe infections in which toxins are generated by the bacteria or by infected body tissues
septic shock
28
in septic shock the toxins damage the vessel walls causing ___cellular permeability. the vessel walls leak and are unable to contract well.
INC
29
____ is usually a result of injury to the part of the nervous system that controls the size and muscle tone of the blood vessels
neurogenic shock
30
in neurogenic shock the muscles in the walls of the blood vessels are cut off from the SNS and nerve impulses that cause them to contract. all vessels below the level of the spinal injury _____ causing blood to ___
dilate widely causing blood to pool
31
______ occurs when a person reacts violently to a substance to which he or she has been sensitized
anaphylactic shock
32
______ is the result of an inadequate amount of fluid or volume in the system
hypovolemic shock
33
____ can cause or aggravate shock
dehydration
34
______ is when a patient with a severe injury, such as a flail chest or obstruction of the airway, may be unable to breathe in an adequate amount of oxygen
respiratory insufficiency
35
list the three stages in the progression of shock
1. compensated shock
2. decompensated shock
3. irreversible shock
36
in compensated shock the body can still compensate for
blood loss
37
decompensated shock is the late stage where blood pressure is
falling
38
irreversible shock is the
terminal stage of shock
39
_____ may be the last measurable factor to change in shock
blood pressure
40
a rapid pulse suggests _____ shock
compensated
41
in shock/compensated shock the skin may be
cool, clammy, or ashen
42
patients in cardiogenic shock usually have ____ blood pressure
low
43
other signs and sx of cardiogenic shock include;
- ____ pulse
-
-
-
- weak/irregular pulse
- cyanosis
- nausea
- anxiety
44
for treating cardiogenic shock place the patient in a position that...
eases breathing as you give high-flow oxygen
45
INC ____ should be the priority in treating cardiac tamponade
INC cardiac output
46
in tension pneumothorax usually the only action hat can prevent eventual death is ____ of the injured side of the chest
decompression (EMTS give high flow oxygen via NRB)
47
in treating septic shock and neurogenic shock you should keep the patient ____
warm
48
effective treatment for a sever, acute allergic reaction is to administer _____ via subcutaneous or intramuscular injection
epinephrine
49
perfusion require an intact ____ system and a functioning ___ system
intact CV system and a functioning respiratory system
50
fainting is what type of shock
psychogenic
51
severe thermal burns causes what type of shock
hypovolemic shock
52
a dec in blood pressure is an early sign of shock (true or false?)
FALSE. late sign of shock, designates decompensated shock
53
infants and children may lose half their blood volume before having BP drop (true or false?)
TRUE.
54
what are the 6 general considerations for treating a patient in shock
1. keep the patient supine
2. control obvious external bleeding
3. splint the patient on a backboard
4. give high flow oxygen
5. keep the patient warm
6. elevate the legs
55
why should you be cautious in giving nitroglycerin to a patient already in cardiogenic shock
patients BP may already be low
56
The three basic causes for shock are poor pump function, dilating blood vessels, and
blood or fluid loss
57
Damage to the spinal cord that produces neurogenic shock will cause the blood vessels to
dilate
58
the following are signs and symptoms of what kind of shock:
urticaria and flushing.
edema of the face, tongue, and lips.
itching and burning.
anaphylactic shock
59
During decompensated shock, the blood pressures will
fall
60
At what systolic blood pressure should you recognize that an adult patient is in decompensated shock
90 mm Hg
61
Anxiety, bad news, or sight of blood can cause ________ shock
psychogenic
62
In compensated shock, the pulse of the patient usually
INC
63
When assessing breathing for a patient in shock, an increased respiratory rate can be a sign of
compensated shock
64
When treating a patient who exhibits signs and symptoms of shock, which of the following actions would not be appropriate?
- Provide high flow oxygen via nonrebreather mask.
- Splint all suspected extremity fractures.
- Request ALS back-up.
Splint all suspected extremity fractures.
65