Chapter 11-The Dark Ages

Question 1

Who declared that every church must agree with the Church of Rome?

Answer 1

Irenaeus

Question 2

What was the name for the leaders of the church that means “servant”?

Answer 2

Deacon

Question 3

What were the church leaders called who were the elders and means “overseer” or “superintendent”?

Answer 3

Bishops

Question 4

What was the idea that Christ appointed apostles to succeed His ministers and these apostles had appointed bishops and these bishops appointed successors of their own etc.?

Answer 4

Apostolic succession

Question 5

What describes that as long as the apostles lived, the churches had the benefit of having special leaders appointed directly by Christ himself and were authorized to speak and act in his name?

Answer 5

Apostolic authority

Question 6

The bishops of Rome misused the text of Matthew 16:18-19 to support __________, which states that Christ founded His church upon Peter, and Christ made Peter the visible head of the Church, and that Peter transmitted this power to his successors.

Answer 6

Petrine theory

Question 7

The Petrine theory gave rise to the idea of the ____________: that the Roman church is supreme over all churches and the bishop of Rome is supreme over all bishops.

Answer 7

Roman Catholic Church

Question 8

According to the Roman Catholic Church, the bishop of Rome was supreme over all bishops, thus the bishop of Rome would be called the:

Answer 8

Pope

Question 9

When did the Western Roman emperor Valentinian III officially recognize Pope Leo I as supreme over the Roman church?

Answer 9

445

Question 10

In 445, Western Roman emperor Valentinian III officially recognized _________, as supreme over the Roman church.

Answer 10

Pope Leo I

Question 11

Who was the first medieval pope who helped to fill the power vacuum in Europe, especially in Rome and surrounding areas?

Answer 11

Gregory I

Question 12

The Roman church’s territories were divided and subdivided into ________, and _________; likewise, it’s leaders were arranged in a hierarchy of authority and importance with the pope at the top.

Answer 12

Dioceses

Parishes

Question 13

The church began to teach that salvation depended on the _________, an “infallible conveyor of grace” in the hands of a properly ordained priest of the Roman church.

Answer 13

Sacraments

Question 14

Who was a missionary to Ireland?

Answer 14

Patrick

Question 15

Those who disobeyed the rulers of the church could be __________, or cut off from the church, which meant nothing more than eternal damnation.

Answer 15

Excommunicated

Question 16

What was the term that described that the bread and wine of the Lord’s Supper actually became the body and blood of Christ in the hands f the priest?

Answer 16

Transubstantiation

Question 17

Some devout followers even purchased and worshipped _______, remains or artifacts.

Answer 17

Relics

Question 18

Well before the end of the second century the ____________ had become prominent.

Answer 18

Church of Rome

Question 19

The people of the Church of Rome sought to placate the Son’s wrath against their sins by praying to His mother, Mary, long-departed apostles, and other _______, deceased Christians officially recognized by the church as holy because of martyrdom, miracles, or other merits.

Answer 19

Saints

Question 20

What were the certificates that the pope gave people to excuse them from doing penance and shortened a required stay in purgatory?

Answer 20

Indulgences

Question 21

What was a place of fire where the souls of penitent sinners remained after death to be purged of sin and rendered fit for heaven?

Answer 21

Purgatory

Question 22

What was a Latin translation of the Bible completed by the church leader Jerome in 405, and was just about the only version available in the Middle Ages?

Answer 22

Vulgate

Question 23

Who was the man who gave the English people the Bible in their own tongue by translating it from Latin to English and having copies written out by hand?

Answer 23

John Wycliffe

Question 24

Who had translated a Bible for the people of the Alps 200 years before John Wycliffe?

Answer 24

Peter Waldo

Question 25

Who were the two men who opposed the official church?

Answer 25

John Wycliffe | Peter Waldo

Question 26

What was the group named for Peter of Bruis that protested against the established church?

Answer 26

Petrobrusians

Question 27

The Petrobrusians were named for who?

Answer 27

Peter of Bruis

Question 28

What was the group that protested against the distorted church and originated during the late 1100s in the European Alps and was founded by Peter Waldo?

Answer 28

Waldensians

Question 29

The Waldensians was founded by what wealthy merchant in Lyons, France, and was disgusted with the corruption he saw in the Roman church?

Answer 29

Peter Waldo

Question 30

What council forbade anyone except a clergyman to possess a copy of the Bible, except for the Psalms and lessons of Scripture contained in the breviary?

Answer 30

The Council of Toulouse

Question 31

What was the service and worship book of the church?

Answer 31

Breviary

Question 32

What was the ideal for people who called themselves Christians of withdrawing from society to live in solitude?

Answer 32

Monasticism

Question 33

What were men who practiced monasticism called?

Answer 33

Monks

Question 34

What were women who practiced monasticism called?

Answer 34

Nuns

Question 35

The earliest monks lived alone in the wilderness as:

Answer 35

Hermits

Question 36

What did the monks vow that meant abstinence from marriage, believing that the more they withdrew from the world and the flesh, the more holy they would become?

Answer 36

Celibacy

Question 37

Who was the monk that perched alone for 37 years on top of a pedestal 50 feet high?

Answer 37

Simeon Stylites

Question 38

The vast majority of medieval monks lived in _________, religious communities isolated from the rest of society?

Answer 38

Monasteries

Question 39

What were the religious communities isolated from the rest of the world for nuns called?

Answer 39

Convents

Question 40

Life in a monastery followed rigid rules called:

Answer 40

Orders

Question 41

Most European monks followed the orders of _________, an Italian monk who founded a monastery at Monte Cassino in southern Italy.

Answer 41

Benedict

Question 42

Benedictine monks vowed life-long poverty, chastity, and obedience to the ______, the head of the monastery.

Answer 42

Abbot

Question 43

In the beginning of the 13th century, what new kind of monk appeared and lived like other monks except that they preached and did missionary work outside the monasteries?

Answer 43

Friars

Question 44

What were the two most prominent orders of Friars that dedicated themselves to preaching and to combating what the church deemed as heresy?

Answer 44

Franciscans | Dominicans

Question 45

Who issued the "two sword" doctrine?

Answer 45

Gelasius I

Question 46

What was the most dominant Germanic tribe that moved into Gaul as the Roman Empire collapsed?

Answer 46

Franks

Question 47

Who was the first great Frankish military and political leader and inherited the position of tribal king from his father in 481?

Answer 47

Clovis

Question 48

Clovis was baptized into the Roman church on Christmas Day in ________ along with 3,000 of his warriors.

Answer 48

498

Question 49

After Clovis's death, his descendants ruled and these rulers were known as the __________ line of kings, named after Merovee, Clovis's grandfather.

Answer 49

Merovingian

Question 50

The real ruling power fell into the hands of the chief official of the royal household, the:

Answer 50

Mayor of the Palace

Question 51

Who was the most famous Mayor of the Palace who came to power in 715?

Answer 51

Charles Martel

Question 52

In 711, the ___________ (Muslims from North Africa) invaded Spain.

Answer 52

Moors

Question 53

Charles Martel defeated the invading Muslims at the Battle of Tours in the year of:

Answer 53

732

Question 54

In 732, Charles Martel defeated the invading Muslims at what battle?

Answer 54

Battle of Tours

Question 55

Charles Martel, beating back the Muslims in a series of battles that lasted nearly a decade, earning himself the name " Martel" which means:

Answer 55

"The Hammer"

Question 56

Who's victories prevented western Europe from being swallowed up in a Muslim empire?

Answer 56

Charles Martel

Question 57

Who was the son of Charles Martel who became Mayor of the Palace and followed in his father's footsteps as a strong leader?

Answer 57

Pepin the Short

Question 58

Pep in the Short's kingship commenced the __________ line of Frankish kings, named for either Pepin's father or Pepin's son, both of whom were named Charles.

Answer 58

Carolingian

Question 59

When the Franks defeated the Lombards and gave their land in central Italy to the pope; what was this called?

Answer 59

"Donation of Pepin"

Question 60

The "Donation of Pepin" became known as the __________, making the pope a temporal ruler with an important stake in European politics.

Answer 60

Papal States

Question 61

The alliance between the _________ rulers and the ________, initiated by the conversation of Clovis and consummated by Pepin the Short, was to influence the course of the European history not only during the Middle Ages but well into the modern age.

Answer 61

Frankish rulers and the papacy

Question 62

Pepin the Short's son, Charles, had the accomplishments that win him the title ____________, French for Charles the Great.

Answer 62

Charlemagne

Question 63

Charlemagne's greatest conquests were against the pagan __________, a Germanic people who lived between the Rhine and Elbe rivers.

Answer 63

Saxons

Question 64

To protect his realm against invasions, Charlemagne set up a series of provinces, or:

Answer 64

Marks

Question 65

Who's empire was the largest in the West since the Roman Empire of the A.D. 300s?

Answer 65

Charlemagne

Question 66

The greatest event of Charlemagne's reign took place ___________, when Pope Leo III placed a crown of gold upon Charlemagne's head, proclaiming him Charles Augustus, Emperor of the Romans.

Answer 66

Christmas Day, 800

Question 67

On Christmas Day, 800, Pope Leo III placed a golden crown on the head of Charlemagne, proclaiming him:

Answer 67

Charles Augustus, Emperor of the Romans

Question 68

From his capital in western Germany, Charlemagne sent out his __________ ("the king's envoys") to check on local officials inspect local conditions, and hear grievances against government officers.

Answer 68

Missi dominici

Question 69

What type of writing replaced the old cursive scripts which became the basis for modern handwriting styles as well as the roman typeface?

Answer 69

Carolingian minuscule

Question 70

Who was the only surviving son of Charlemagne whose three sons fell into bitter rivalry over how the empire was to be divided among themselves during his weak rule?

Answer 70

Louis the Pious

Question 71

When did Louis's three rival sons finally meet and make an agreement at Verdun?

Answer 71

843

Question 72

What treaty divided the Roman Empire into three parts?

Answer 72

Treaty of Verdun

Question 73

The Treaty of Verdun was divided into three parts between Louis the Pious's three sons which were:

Answer 73

Lothair the Elder-middle part Charles the Bald-western part Louis the German-eastern part

Question 74

The Treaty of Verdun was important because:

Answer 74

It set the stage for the formation of the modern nations of France and Germany

Question 75

The land the middle kingdom north of the Alps, _________, was divided between Charles and Louis after Lothair's death.

Answer 75

Lorraine

Question 76

What was the group of nomadic people from Asia who penetrated deep into southeastern Europe who earned the name Scourge of Europe?

Answer 76

Magyars

Question 77

The Magyars finally settled down in the area known since as:

Answer 77

Hungary

Question 78

Who were the blond, blue-eyed German barbarians from Scandinavia who invaded places as far as Greenland, Iceland, and even North America?

Answer 78

Norsemen or Vikings

Question 79

The Norsemen, or Vikings, who invaded many different nations dwelt in:

Answer 79

Scandinavia

Question 80

Among the most important Viking settlements was ____________, an area along the northern coast of France.

Answer 80

Normandy

Question 81

The lands of Germany crumbled into many small territories called _________, each ruled by a powerful nobel called a duke.

Answer 81

Duchies

Question 82

In 919, the dukes elected __________, the duke of Saxony, to act as king of Germany, beginning the Saxon line of kings.

Answer 82

Henry the Fowler

Question 83

In 919, the dukes elected Henry the Fowler to act as king of Germany, beginning the _________ line of kings.

Answer 83

Saxon

Question 84

Who was the successor of Henry the Fowler and won many victories and became known as this for his many victories?

Answer 84

Otto the Great

Question 85

In what year, at request of the pope, did Otto invade Italy and was crowned Emperor of the Romans?

Answer 85

962

Question 86

In 962, at the request of the pope, Otto invaded Italy and was crowned _________ by the pope.

Answer 86

Emperor of the Romans

Question 87

In 962, at request of the pope, Otto invaded Italy and was crowned Emperor of the Romans by the pope, giving birth to the:

Answer 87

Holy Roman Empire

Question 88

What line of emperors succeeded the Saxons in 1024?

Answer 88

Salian

Question 89

Under whose reign did the German monarchy reach the peak of its power?

Answer 89

Henry IV

Question 90

During the years shortly after Henry IV, a few leading nobles claimed the right of choosing the king; these nobles became known as:

Answer 90

Electors

Question 91

Who, in 1152, became the first of the Hohenstaufen line of emperors, and officially adopted the phrase "Holy Roman Empire"?

Answer 91

Frederick Barbarossa

Question 92

In 1152, Frederick Barbarossa became the first of what line of emperors?

Answer 92

Hohenstaufen

Question 93

Who was the son of Frederick Barbarossa who entangled himself even further in Italy?

Answer 93

Frederick II

Question 94

After whose reign did the Holy Roman Empire decline rapidly?

Answer 94

Frederick II

Question 95

The French philosopher Voltair ridiculed the Holy Roman Empire as:

Answer 95

"Neither Holy, nor Roman, nor an Empire"

Question 96

What pope urged Hildebrand to expand greatly the power and independence of the papacy in 1059?

Answer 96

Nicholas II

Question 97

In 1059, Pope Nicholas II urged what ambitious monk who served as an advisor to the popes to expand greatly the power and independence of the papacy?

Answer 97

Hildebrand

Question 98

In 1059, Nicholas II urged Hildebrand to decree that henceforth popes would be chosen only by __________, who at the time were priests of the churches in Rome and other Italian cities.

Answer 98

Cardinals

Question 99

Under which pope did the papacy attain its highest power and influence?

Answer 99

Innocent III

Question 100

The monk, Hildebrand, became pope as:

Answer 100

Pope Gregory VII

Question 101

Gregory's efforts to increase papal power brought him into an intense conflict with Holy Roman Emperor:

Answer 101

Henry IV

Question 102

What term referred to the power of laymen such as emperors and kings to choose bishops and other church officials?

Answer 102

Lay investiture

Question 103

Henry IV went to see Pope Gregory in __________ to personally to beg him for forgiveness.

Answer 103

Canossa

Question 104

When King John displeased Innocent III, Innocent excommunicated John and placed his entire realm under an ___________: no infants were baptized, no masses said, no confessions heard, no dying persons received the last rites, and no dead were properly interred.

Answer 104

Interdict

Question 105

Innocent III and his successors instituted the __________, a special court with power to inquire about and judge matters of heresy.

Answer 105

Holy Office of the Inquisition

Question 106

In France, what king clashed with the papacy by levying 50% taxes on the French clergy's annual income?

Answer 106

King Phillip the Fair

Question 107

What pope, in the time of King Phillip the Fair, threatened to excommunicate any layman who exacted taxes and any clergyman who paid them without papal approval?

Answer 107

Boniface VII

Question 108

What was an official decree by the pope called?

Answer 108

Pope

Question 109

In 1305, under Philip the Fair's influence, a French bishop became Pope Clement V moved the papal court from Rome to ________, France.

Answer 109

Avignon

Question 110

The act of Pope Clement V moving the papal court from Rome to Avignon, France was the beginning of the:

Answer 110

"Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy"

Question 111

When there were many popes to choose from, the rival popes and cardinals created the ________, which was not fully resolved until 1459.

Answer 111

Great Schism