Flashcards in Chapter 14 - The Mental Side of Human Performance Deck (109)
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31
cognitive state anxiety
- psychological component
- caused by fear of failure
- result of worrying
- "I am afraid I am going to lose"
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somatic state anxiety
- physical component
- perception of physiological responses
- "i feel nervous before a major contest" sweaty palms, dry mouth, upset stomach
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as competition approaches there are _______ changes in cognitive and somatic state anxiety
temporal changes
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the relationship between somatic anxiety and performance takes the form of an inverted __
U
35
the relationship between cognitive anxiety and athletic performance has been shown to be ______ and _______
linear and negative
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increases in somatic anxiety are associated with improved athletic performance up to a certain optimal level; therefore, athletes should attempt to increase their somatic anxiety up to an optimal level by doing what?
"psyching up"
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true or false: the lower the level of cognitive state anxiety, the better the athlete will perform
true
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list 12 symptoms of distress
1) cold, clammy hands
2) cotton mouth
3) unable to concentrate
4) desire to urinate often
5) diarrhea
6) feeling of fatigue
7) Increased heart rate
8) faster breathing
9) trembling hands
10) tense muscles
11) nausea
12) voice distortion
39
what are 3 relaxation interventions to lower cognitive state anxiety?
1) Progressive Muscular Relaxation (PMR)
2) Positive Imagery
3) Positive Self-talk
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how long does Progressive Muscular Relaxation (PMR) take?
takes time initially, but with practice can be completed in a matter of minutes
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when is PMR especially valuable?
the night before
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what are the 4 steeps to PMR?
1) lie or sit in a comfortable position
2) inhale and tense a specific muscle group for approximately 5 seconds
3) exhale and release the tension from the muscles, concentrating on the feeling of relaxation
4) repeated for a number of muscle groups
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what does positive imagery require to be effective?
practice
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what are the 2 steps to positive imagery?
1) close eyes and picture yourself performing well in the specific anxiety-causing performance environment
2) imagine the positive feelings associated with this successful imagery
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what is positive self talk?
reassuring oneself with positive thoughts and statements
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what is an example of positive self talk?
"Im a good free throw shooter" vs. "What will the coach think of me if i blow this shot?"
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________ determines the reasons for an athletes behaviour
motivation
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motivation
the direction, energy and intensity of behaviour
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what is motivation synonymous with?
inspiration, enthusiasm, or the will to win
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achievement motivation
athletes predisposition to approach or avoid a competitive situation
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what concept does achievement motivation include?
concept of desire, or desire to excel
52
true or false: achievement motivation is not an innate drive, but is likely learned in the sporting environment
true
53
the original McClelland-Atkinson Model suggests that the achievement motivation is a function of what 2 things?
1) the motive to achieve success
2) the fear of failure
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the motive to achieve success
an athletes intrinsic motivation to engage in an exciting activity
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the fear of failure
a psychological construct associated with cognitive state anxiety
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achievement motivation = _____________ - __________
achievement motivation = intrinsic motivation - cognitive state anxiety
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True or false: McClelland-Atkinson model of achievement motivation could predict athletic success
FALSE: McClelland-Atkinson model of achievement motivation could NOT predict athletic success
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what was added to the original model of McClelland-Atkinson model of achievement so that it could predict athletic success?
extrinsic motivation
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what does the modified McClelland-Atkinson model of achievement motivation acknowledge?
acknowledges that factors external to the athlete may influence individual's overall motivation
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