Chapter 2

Question 1

Axon

Answer 1

carries messages away to other neurons

Question 2

Terminal buttons

Answer 2

Swellings at the tips of axons from which neurotransmitters are dispatched

Question 3

Synapse

Answer 3

gap between neurons through which neurotransmitters carry neural impulses

Question 4

Dendrites

Answer 4

Rootlike structures at the end of axons that receive neural impulses

Question 5

Sensory neurons

Answer 5

Transmit information from sensory organs to the spinal cord and brain

Question 6

Motor neurons

Answer 6

Transmit nerve impulses from the central nervous system to muscles and glands

Question 7

Interneurons

Answer 7

Nerve cells within the central nervous system

Question 8

Glial cells

Answer 8

support neurons and form the myelin sheath

Question 9

Myelin sheath

Answer 9

A layer of protective insulation that covers the axons of certain neurons and helps speed transmission of nerve impulses

Question 10

All-or-none principle

Answer 10

Neurons will fire or not (like a gun)

Question 11

Central nervous system

Answer 11

brain and spinal cord

Question 12

neuron body

Answer 12

center of neuron

Question 13

ratio of Glial cells to neurons

Answer 13

9/1

Question 14

action potential

Answer 14

electrical charge that travels down the axon

Question 15

neurotransmitters

Answer 15

chemicals that cross synapses

Question 16

acetycholene

Answer 16

moves from motor neurons to muscles

Question 17

endorphins

Answer 17

natural pain killers

Question 18

What do drugs do?

Answer 18

mimic/ extend the effect of neurotransmitters

Question 19

agonist

Answer 19

extends/excites/promotes effects

Question 20

antagonist

Answer 20

blocks effects

Question 21

homeostasis

Answer 21

normal resting state

Question 22

Why is prolonged morphine use bad?

Answer 22

the body reduces how many endorphins it produces naturally

Question 23

Central Nervous System

Answer 23

Brain and spinal cord

Question 24

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 24

Not Brain and spinal cord

Question 25

Somatic nervous system

Answer 25

transmits sensory input and directs voluntary motor output

Question 26

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 26

automatic things

Question 27

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 27

arouses body

Question 28

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 28

calms us down

Question 29

endocrine system

Answer 29

glands and hormones

Question 30

adrenal glands

Answer 30

epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline and noradrenaline)

Question 31

where are the adrenal glands?

Answer 31

above the kidneys

Question 32

pituitary gland

Answer 32

controls other glands

Question 33

What hormones does the pituitary gland release?

Answer 33

Growth, ones to make other glands release hormones, oxytocin

Question 34

What controls the pituitary gland?

Answer 34

The hypothalamus

Question 35

reticular formation

Answer 35

connects spinal cord to thalamus, controls arousal, sleep, and attention

Question 36

medulla

Answer 36

swelling at top of spinal cord, controls heart and breathing

Question 37

Where do nerves cross over to the other side of the brain

Answer 37

medulla

Question 38

Where is the cerebellum?

Answer 38

base of brain,

Question 39

thalamus

Answer 39

info form brain stem to cerebral cortex

Question 40

limbic system

Answer 40

hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus

Question 41

hippocampus

Answer 41

memory processing

Question 42

amygdala

Answer 42

on ends of hippocampus, aggression and fear

Question 43

hypothalamus

Answer 43

controls pituitary gland, below thalamus, regulates temperature, hunger, thirst; pleasure centers

Question 44

cerebral cortex

Answer 44

all lobes (wrinkly stuff)

Question 45

frontal lobe

Answer 45

front of brain, planning, decision-making, personality

Question 46

parietal lobes

Answer 46

behind frontal, association area

Question 47

occipital lobes

Answer 47

base, above cerebellum, visual info

Question 48

temporal lobes

Answer 48

auditory, divided in two

Question 49

motor cortex

Answer 49

sends out messages for motor movement

Question 50

sensory cortex

Answer 50

receives sensory info from body

Question 51

association area

Answer 51

routes info to correct areas of the brain

Question 52

Where is language controlled

Answer 52

left hemisphere

Question 53

aphasia

Answer 53

impaired language use due to damage on the left hemisphere

Question 54

damage to Broca's area

Answer 54

can't form words

Question 55

damage to Wernicke's area

Answer 55

can't interpret language

Question 56

split brain

Answer 56

the corpus callosum is severed

Question 57

corpus callosum

Answer 57

connects two hemispheres of brain

Question 58

Right hemisphere functions

Answer 58

spacial, insight, sense of self

Question 59

left hemisphere functions

Answer 59

language

Question 60

EEG(Electroencephalogram)

Answer 60

gives amplified record of waves of electrical activity in the brain

Question 61

PET(Positron Emission Tomograph) scan

Answer 61

color pics of brain, inject radioactive sugar

Question 62

MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

Answer 62

picture of soft tissues

Question 63

fMRI(functional)

Answer 63

shows brain activity by comparing blood flow

Question 64

biological psychologists

Answer 64

study links between behavior and biology

Question 65

treshold

Answer 65

level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

Question 66

nerve

Answer 66

bundle of axons

Question 67

neurogenesis

Answer 67

formation of new neurons

Question 68

epigenetics

Answer 68

environmental influences on gene expression

Question 69

what does the cerebellum do?

Answer 69

controls voluntary motor movement, balance, coordination