Chapter 4

Question 1

Continuity vs stages

Answer 1

What parts of development are gradual, and when there are abrupt changes

Question 2

Stability vs changes

Answer 2

What traits are stable and which show a lot of change

Question 3

Maturation

Answer 3

Orderly sequence of biological growth

Question 4

Teratogen

Answer 4

Harmful environmental substance during pregnancy

Question 5

Reflexes

Answer 5

Genetically based behaviors

Question 6

Rooting reflex

Answer 6

When cheek is stroked, infant will turn his head in that direction and opens his mouth

Question 7

Sucking reflex

Answer 7

Something is placed by the mouth, infant will suck

Question 8

Grasping reflex

Answer 8

When the palm is touched, infant makes a fist

Question 9

Moro/ startle reflex

Answer 9

When infant is dropped, he will fling out his arms and legs and spread his fingers and toes

Question 10

Walking reflex

Answer 10

When the infant’s weight is supported, he will move his legs and feet in a walking motion

Question 11

Schema

Answer 11

concept/ way to organize information

Question 12

Stages of cognitive development

Answer 12

Sensorimotor
Pre-operational
Concrete-operational
Formal operational

Question 13

Sensorimotor

Answer 13

Discovering the world using developing senses and motor skills

Question 14

When is the sensorimotor stage?

Answer 14

Birth- 2 years

Question 15

Pre-operational

Answer 15

Egocentrism, play pretend, use symbols

Question 16

When is the pre-operational stage?

Answer 16

2-7

Question 17

Egocentrism

Answer 17

Cannot take another’s point of view

Question 18

Concrete-operational

Answer 18

Math, thinking logically, conservation

Question 19

When is the concrete-operational stage?

Answer 19

7-11

Question 20

Conservation

Answer 20

Something maintains its amount even if the shape changes

Question 21

Formal operational

Answer 21

Abstract thought, moral reasoning

Question 22

When is the formal operational stage?

Answer 22

11-adulthood

Question 23

Attachment

Answer 23

Emotional bond of love and security in infancy

Question 24

Familiarity in infants

Answer 24

Prefer familiar faces

Question 25

Body contact in infants

Answer 25

Prefer body contact

Question 26

Parental Responsiveness is important for what?

Answer 26

Infant security

Question 27

Secure attachment

Answer 27

Tend to be more confident, outgoing, enthusiastic, persistent, and responsive

Question 28

Emotional deprivation

Answer 28

Abnormal development, didn't socially connect with people

Question 29

Adolescence

Answer 29

Sexual maturity to achievement of adult status

Question 30

Piaget's formal operations

Answer 30

Abstract thinking

Question 31

Kohlberg's moral thinking

Answer 31

Stages of moral thinking

Question 32

Levels of moral thinking

Answer 32

Pre-conventional Conventional Post-conventional

Question 33

Pre-conventional

Answer 33

Morality of self-interest

Question 34

Conventional

Answer 34

Morality of laws and social rules

Question 35

Post-conventional

Answer 35

More complex morality

Question 36

Pre-conventional stages

Answer 36

Avoid punishment | Gain reward

Question 37

Conventional stages

Answer 37

Gain approval | Follow rules

Question 38

Post-conventional

Answer 38

Affirm agreed upon rights | Act on personal ethical principles

Question 39

What are criticisms to the levels of moral thinking

Answer 39

``` Cannot predict behavior Experiments based on white, middle-class men ```

Question 40

Who theorized social development

Answer 40

Erik Erikson

Question 41

When is ID vs Role Confusion?

Answer 41

Adolescence

Question 42

When is Intimacy vs Isolation?

Answer 42

Young Adulthood

Question 43

When is emerging adulthood?

Answer 43

18-25

Question 44

When is young adulthood?

Answer 44

25-40

Question 45

When is middle adulthood?

Answer 45

40-65

Question 46

When is late adulthood?

Answer 46

65+

Question 47

Cognitive changes

Answer 47

Cognitive abilities decline with age, but experience increases

Question 48

Cross-sectional research

Answer 48

Different people at different ages, all at the same point in time

Question 49

Longitudinal research

Answer 49

Begin with a group of people at one ages, reexamine them at different ages

Question 50

Midlife crisis

Answer 50

Pop culture thing; rare in real life

Question 51

Social clock

Answer 51

Cultural prescription of the right age to do something

Question 52

Two Dominant aspects of social development

Answer 52

love and work

Question 53

love

Answer 53

establishing long term relationships

Question 54

work

Answer 54

People are happier if they choose their own job