Flashcards in Chapter 4 Part Two Deck (25):
1
Critical Period
The time shortly after birth during which an organism must be exposed to certain experiences or influences if it is to develop properly
2
Imprinting
The process by which certain animals form attachments during a limited critical period early in life
3
Basic Trust
A sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy - infants think this is caregiving needs are met
4
Self-Concept
A person's sense of identity and personal worth
5
Authoritarian Parents
Parents dictate rules and expect obedience
6
Permissive Parents
Make a few demands and tend to submit to the wishes of their children
7
Authoritative Parents
Parents set and enforce rules after discussion with children
8
Adolescence
Life stage from puberty to independent adulthood
9
Puberty
The earliest period of adolescence - now capable of reproduction
10
Primary Sex Traits
Bodily structures for reproduction
11
Secondary Sex Traits
Not reproductive sexual characteristics , breasts, body hair, deep voices
12
Lawrence Kohlberg
He described the development of moral reasoning
13
Preconventional Morality
During this stage of character development, children obey either to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards
Before age nine
14
Menarche
The first menstrual period
15
Spermarche
The first ejaculation
16
Erik Erikson
He created an eight stage theory that helped explain development from birth to death (psychological development)
17
Identity
One's sense of self
18
Intimacy
Ability to establish close, loving relationships
19
Menopause
When menstruation stops in the late forties or fifties. Signals end of reproductive years
20
Alzheimer's Disease
A progressive and irreversible brain disorder caused by deterioration of neurons that produce Ach. Loss of memory, reasoning, physical functioning
21
Cross-sectional Study
People of different ages compared to each other
22
Longitudinal Study
The same people are tested and retested over a period of years
23
Crystallized Intelligence
Refers to aspects of intellectual ability, such as vocabulary and general knowledge, that reflect accumulated learning. Increases with age
24
Fluid Intelligence
Refers to a person's ability to reason speedily and abstractly. Declines with age
25