Chapter 5 Flashcards
0
Q
Integumentary system
A
made up of the skin and accessory organs ( hair, nails, and glands)
1
Q
the largest organ in the body
A
skin also called integument
2
Q
Generic term for an agent (usually a hormone, such as testosterone and androsterone) that stimulates development of male characteristics
A
Androgen
3
Q
Very small duct
A
ductule
4
Q
State in which the regulatory mechanisms of the body maintain an internal environment within tolerable levels, despite changes in the external environment
A
homeostasis
5
Q
Forming a complex substance by the union of simpler compounds or elements
A
synthesize
6
Q
The 2 layers of the skin are
A
Epidermis and Dermis
7
Q
Epidermis
A
- Relatively thin over most areas but thickest on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet
- Composed of several sublayers called strata
8
Q
Melanocytes
A
- Located in the basal layer
- produce black pigment called melanin
9
Q
albino
A
- An individual who cannot produce melanin
- Has marked deficiency of pigment in the eyes, hair, and skin.
10
Q
Dermis
A
- The second layer of the skin
- Also called corium
- Lies directly beneath the epidermis
- Composed of living tissue and contains numerous capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and nerve endings
- Also contains hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands
11
Q
Subcutaneous layer
A
- Also called the hypodermis
- Binds the dermis to the underlying structures
- Composed of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue interlaced with blood vessels
12
Q
adip/o
A
fat
13
Q
lip/o
A
fat
14
Q
steat/o
A
fat
15
Q
cutane/o
A
skin
16
Q
dermat/o
A
skin
17
Q
derm/o
A
skin
18
Q
hidr/o
A
sweat
19
Q
sudor/o
A
sweat
20
Q
ichthy/o
A
dry, scaly
21
Q
Kerat/o
A
horny tissue, hard; cornea
22
Q
melan/o
A
black
23
Q
myc/o
A
fungus (plural, fungi)
24
onych/o
nail
25
ungu/o
nail
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pil/o
hair
27
trich/o
hair
28
scler/o
hardening; sclera (white of the eye)
29
seb/o
sebum, sebaceous
30
squam/o
scale
31
xen/o
foreign, strange
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xer/o
dry
33
-cyte
cell
34
-derma
skin
35
-logist
specialist in the study of
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-logy
study of
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-therapy
treatment
38
an-
without, not
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dia-
through, across
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epi-
above, upon
41
homo-
same
42
hyper-
excessive, above normal
43
sub-
under, below
44
The medical specialty concerned with diseases that directly affect the skin and systemic diseases that manifest their effects on the skin.
Dermatology
45
The physician who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases
dermatologist
46
Areas of tissue that have been pathologically altered by injury, wound, or infection
Lesions
47
Affects tissue over an area of definite size
localized
48
wide spread throughout the body
systemic
49
First degree (superficial) burns
- Are the least serious
- Injure only the top layers of the skin, the epidermis
- Caused by thermal, chemical, or sunburn
- Generally blisters do not form and no scaring
50
Second degree (partial thickness) burn
- Deep burns that damage the epidermis and dermis
- May be caused by contact with flames, hot liquids, or chemicals
- fluid filled blisters
- May heal with little to no scaring
51
Third degree (full- thickness) burns
- Epidermis and dermis are destroyed and some underlying connective tissue is damaged
- leaves skin waxy and charred with insensitivity to touch
- may be caused by corrosive chemicals, flames, electricity, or extremely hot objects; immersion of body in hot water, or clothes catching fire
- Ulcerating wounds and scaring, skin grafting is commonly required
52
Grade and stage tumors to help in diagnosis and treatment planning, provide a possible prognosis, and aid comparison of treatment results when different treatment methods are used
Pathologist
53
Cells from the tumor site are evaluated to determine the degree of loss of cellular differentiation and function (anaplasia)
Tumor grading
54
The most common system used for staging tumors. An international system that allows comparison of statistics among cancer centers.
- Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM)
- T: size and invasiveness of the primary tumor
- N: area lymph nodes involved
- M: invasiveness (metastasis) of the primary tumor
55
Basal cell carcinoma
- Most common type of skin cancer
- Malignancy of the basal layer of the epidermis, or hair follicles
- Commonly caused by overexposure to sunlight
- locally invasive but rarely metastasize
56
Localized collection of pus at the site of an infection (characteristically a staphylococcal infection
Abscess
57
Inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin with characteristic lesions that include blackheads (comedos), inflammatory papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts and usually associated with seborrhea
Acne
58
Partial or complete loss of hair resulting from normal aging, an endocrine disorder, a drug reaction, anti cancer medication, or a skin disease
Alopecia
59
Form of intra epidermal carcinoma (squamous cell) characterized by red-brown scaly or crusted lesions that resemble a patch of psoriasis or dermatitis
Bowen disease
60
Diffuse widespread acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
Cellulitis
61
Pigmentary skin discoloration usually occurring in yellowish brown patches or spots
Chloasma
62
Typical small skin lesion of acne vulgaris caused by accumulation of keratin, bacteria, and dried sebum plugging an excretory duct of the skin
Comedo
63
Infection of the skin caused by fungi
Dermatomycosis
64
Skin discoloration consisting of large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing from blue-blacktop greenish brown or yellow.
Ecchymosis
65
Chronic inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, and scabs and accompanied by intense itching
Eczema
66
Redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries
Erythema
67
Dead matter that is sloughed off from the surface of the skin, especially after a burn
Eschar
68
Bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
Impetigo
69
Thickened area of the epidermis or any horny growth on the skin (such as a callus or wart)
Keratosis
70
Small brown macules, especially on the face and arms , brought on by sun exposure, usually in middle aged or older people
Lentigo
71
Unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin
Pallor
72
Infestation with lice, transmitted by personal contact or common use of brushes, combs, or headgear
Pediculosis
73
Minute pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin
petechia
74
Inflammation, sore, or skin deterioration caused by prolonged pressure from lying in one position that prevents blood flow to the tissues, usually in elderly bedridden persons
pressure ulcer
75
Intense itching
pruritus
76
Chronic skin disease characterized by circumscribed red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery, adherent scales and caused by excessive development of the basal layer of the epidermis
psoriasis
77
Any of several bleeding disorders characterized by hemorrhage into the tissue particularly beneath the skin or mucous membranes, producing ecchymoses or petechiae
purpura
78
Contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, commonly through sexual contact
scabies
79
Fungal skin infection whose name commonly indicates the body part affected
Tinea
80
Allergic reaction of the skin characterized by the eruption of pale red, elevated patches called wheals or hives
Urticaria
81
Epidermal growth caused by a virus; also known as warts. Types include plantar warts, juvenile warts, and venereal warts
verruca
82
Localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches
vitiligo
83
Chemical removal of the outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring and general keratoses; also called chembrasion
chemical peel
84
Use of subfreezing temperature (commonly liquid nitrogen) to destroy or eliminate abnormal tissue, such as tumors, warts, and unwanted, cancerous, or infected tissue
cryosurgery
85
Removal of necrotized tissue from a wound by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents
debridement
86
Rubbing (abrasion) using wire brushes or sandpaper to mechanically scrape away (abrade) the epidermis
dermabrasion
87
Tissue destruction by means of high-frequency electric current; also called electrodesication
fulguration
88
Procedure in which cells selectively treated with an agent called a photosensitizer are exposed to light to produce a reaction that destroys cells
photodynamic therapy (PDT)
89
Representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination
Biopsy
90
Ultrathin slice of tissue from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination
frozen section (fs) biopsy
91
Removal of a small tissue sample for examination using a hollow needle, usually attached to a syringe
needle biopsy
92
Removal of a small core of tissue using a hollow punch
punch biopsy
93
Removal of elevated lesions using a surgical blade
shave biopsy
94
Layers of cancer-containing skin are progressively removed and examined until only cancer-free tissue remains
Mohs
95
Transplantation of healthy tissue to an injured site
skin graft
96
Transplantation of healthy tissue from one person to another person; also called homograft
allograft
97
Transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another site in the same individual
autograft
98
Transplantation of artificial skin produced from collagen fibers arranged in a lattice pattern
synthetic graft
99
Transplantation (dermis only) from a foreign donor (usually a pig) and transferred to a human; also called heterograft
xenograft
100
Any test in which a suspected allergen or sensitizer is applied to or injected into the skin to determine the patient's sensitivity to it
Allergy skin test
101
Skin test that identifies suspected allergens by subcutaneously injecting small amounts of extracts of the suspected allergens and observing the skin for a subsequent reaction
intradermal
102
Skin test that identifies allergic contact dermatitis by applying a suspected allergen to a patch with is then taped on the skin, usually the forearm, and observing the area 24 hours later for an allergic reaction
Patch skin test
103
Skin test that identifies suspected allergens by placing a small quantity of the suspected allergen on a lightly scratched area of the skin; also called puncture or prick test
Scratch skin test
104
Laboratory test that grows a colony of bacteria removed from an infected area (such as an ulcer, wound, or pus from an infection) in order to identify the specific infecting bacterium and then determine its sensitivity to antibiotic drugs
culture & sensitivity (C&S)
105
BCC
Basal cell carcinoma
106
C&S
Culture and sensitivity
107
CA
Cancer; chronological age; cardiac arrest
108
FS
Frozen section
109
ID
intradermal
110
I&D
incision and drainage
111
IMP
impression (synonymous with diagnosis)
112
IV
Intravenous
113
TNM
tumor-node-metastasis
114
ung
ointment
115
XP, XDP
xeroderma pigmentosum
