Flashcards in Chapter 8 Deck (229)
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The pumping action of the heart propels blood that contains oxygen, nutrients, and other vital products from the heart to body cells through a vast network of blood vessels called
arteries
1
Arteries branch into smaller vessels called
venules
2
venules combine to form
veins
3
Portion of the nervous system that regulates involuntary actions, such as heart rate, digestion, and peristalsis
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
4
Flat, leaf shaped structure that comprises the valves of the heart and prevents backflow of blood
leaflet
5
Tubular space or channel within an organ or structure of the body; space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube
lumen
6
Backflow or ejecting of contents through and opening
regurgitation
7
Circular muscle found in a tubular structure or hollow organ that constricts or dilates to regulate passage of substances through its opening
sphincter
8
Narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel that limits blood flow, usually as a result of diseases, medications, or physiological processes
vasoconstriction
9
Widening of the lumen of a blood vessel caused by the relaxing of the muscles of the vascular walls
vasodilation
10
state of being sticky or gummy
viscosity
11
3 major types of vessels
artery
capillary
vein
They carry blood throughout the body
12
The walls of arteries have 3 layers to provide toughness and elasticity
tunica externa
tunica media
tunica intima
13
The outer coat of an arterie composed of connective tissue that provides strength and flexibility
tunica externa
14
the middle layer of an arterie composed of smooth muscle
tunica media
15
Depending on the needs of the body the tunica media can alter the size of the _______ of the vessel
lumen
16
Vasoconstriction results in
decreased blood flow
17
Vasodilation results in
increased blood flow
18
The thin lining of the lumen of a vessel composed of endothelial cells that provide a smooth surface on the inside of the vessel
tunica intima
19
The surge of blood felt in arteries when blood is pumped from the heart is referred to as a
pulse
20
Oxygenated blood travels to smaller arteries called
arterioles
21
Microscopic vessels that join the arterial system with the venous system
capillaries
22
return blood to the heart
veins
23
veins are formed from smaller vessels called _______that develop from the union of capillaries
venules
24
Small structures within veins that prevent the backflow of blood
valves
25
A muscular pump that propels blood to the entire body through a closed vascular network
heart
26
The heart is found in a sac called
pericardium
27
3 layers of the heart
endocardium
myocardium
epicardium
28
A serous membrane that lines the 4 chambers of the heart and its valves and is continuous with the endothelium of the arteries and veins
endocardium
29
