Disease Linked To Exercise Flashcards Preview

A-Level PE Anatomy And Physiology > Disease Linked To Exercise > Flashcards

Flashcards in Disease Linked To Exercise Deck (33)
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1
Q

What are the three types of strokes

A

Ischaemic stroke
Haemorrhagic stroke
ITA stroke

2
Q

What is a ischaemic stroke

A

An ischaemic stroke is caused by a blockage that prevents O2 from reaching the brain

3
Q

What is a Haemorrhagic stroke

A

A haemorrhagic stroke is one where there is a bleed in or around the brain

4
Q

What is an ITA stroke

A

An ITA stroke is a mini ischaemic stroke where symptoms last for less that 24 hours and caused by a temporary blockage

5
Q

Define sedentary lifestyle

A

A sedentary lifestyle is an inactive lifestyle

6
Q

Define atherosclerosis

A

Atherosclerosis is a condition where fatty plaque builds up in the artery walls causing them to narrow and their lumen to narrow

7
Q

Define CHD

A

CHD is a condition where fatty plaque builds up in the coronary arteries walls causing the lumen to narrow and a reduction in blood flow to the cardiac muscle

8
Q

Define coronary arteries

A

Coronary arteries are arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the cardiac muscle

9
Q

Define angina

A

Angina is a condition where there is a partial blockage in a coronary artery causing chest pain due to a lack of O2 to the cardiac muscle

10
Q

Define heart attack

A

Heart attack is where there is a complete blockage in a coronary artery causing restriction of O2 to the cardiac muscle

11
Q

Define coronary risk factors

A

Coronary risk factors are conditions or habits that increase the risk of a heart attack and are lifestyle choices

12
Q

Name 3 examples of coronary risk factors

A
  1. Obesity
  2. Smoking
  3. High LDL cholesterol diet
  4. Hypertension
13
Q

Define hypertension

A

Hypertension is where you have abnormally high blood pressure

14
Q

Define stroke

A

A stroke is where the O2 supply is cut off from the brain

15
Q

Define LDL cholesterol

A

LDL cholesterol (low density lipoprotein) builds up as fatty plaque in the blood vessels

16
Q

Define HDL cholesterol

A

HDL cholesterol (high density lipoprotein) reduces levels of LDL in the blood and clears artery walls of the fatty plaque

17
Q

How does cardiac hypertrophy reduce the risk of CV disease (3 things)

A
  1. Reduce resting HR
  2. Increase SV
  3. Decrease CV strain
18
Q

How has any increased efficiency of coronary arteries helped prevent CV diseases

A

Increasing efficiency means more blood can be delivered to the cardiac muscle / min

19
Q

Name 3 ways in which increases elasticity of arteries has reduced the risk of getting a CV disease

A
  1. Reduced blood pressure
  2. Widstand a higher blood pressure
  3. More efficient vascular shunt mechanism
20
Q

Name 2 adaptations that make the blood resistance to a CV disease

A
  1. Decreases LDL and increases HDL so fatty plaque in arteries is reduced
  2. Decreased blood viscosity, increases blood pressure and so decreases blood pressure
21
Q

How other factor caused by exercise has reduced the risk of a CV disease

A

Bodyweight management and a healthy energy balance

22
Q

What are the two respiratory diseases you need to know

A
  1. Asthma

2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

23
Q

Name 3 symptoms of asthma

A
  1. Shortness of breath
  2. Coughing
  3. Wheezing
  4. Tight chest
24
Q

Name 3 triggers of asthma

A
  1. Exercise induced asthma
  2. Pollen
  3. Pollution
25
Q

Name 3 measures of asthma control

A
  1. Exercise
  2. Healthy diet
  3. Inhalers
26
Q

Define asthma

A

The reversible narrowing of respiratory airways causing inflammation and increasing mucus production

27
Q

Define respiratory muscle training

A

Breathing exercises to increase the strength and endurance of respiratory muscles normally aimed at people who suffer from asthma and COPD

28
Q

Define COPD

A

COPD is a group of lung conditions that make it hard to hard to empty air from the lungs because the airways have been narrowed (long term health condition)

29
Q

Name 3 symptoms of COPD

A
  1. Shortness of breath
  2. Ongoing Cough that produces a lot of mucus
  3. Wheezing
  4. Chest pain
30
Q

Name 3 causes of COPD

A
  1. Smoking
  2. Decreased elasticity of airways
  3. Permanent airway narrowing
31
Q

Name 2 treatments of COPD

A
  1. Medication

2. Exercise

32
Q

Name 2 ways how respiratory structures are adapted by exercise to reduce the chance of RS disease

A
  1. Increase SA and elasticity of alveoli so increased TV

2. Capillerisation around alveoli so increased diffusion of gases

33
Q

Name 2 ways in which the mechanics of breathing have adapted due to exercise to reduce the chance of a RS disease

A
  1. Increased strength and endurance of respiratory muscles so more efficient and increased TV
  2. Delayed respiratory fatigue

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