Final Review: Unit 12

Question 1

taxonomy

Answer 1

a system of naming and classifying organisms

Question 2

problems with common names

Answer 2

do not describe some organisms accurately, some common names are used for many species, some organisms have more than one common name, language barrier

Question 3

what are organisms grouped by

Answer 3

cell type, cell structure, number of cells, nutrition

Question 4

cell type

Answer 4

prokaryote or eukaryote

Question 5

cell structure

Answer 5

cell wall or no cell wall

Question 6

number of cells

Answer 6

unicellular or multicellular

Question 7

nutrition

Answer 7

autotroph or heterotroph

Question 8

broadest category

Answer 8

domain

Question 9

cell type archaea

Answer 9

prokaryote

Question 10

cell number archaea

Answer 10

unicellular

Question 11

nutrition archaea

Answer 11

both

Question 12

cell structure archaea

Answer 12

cell wall

Question 13

what are archaea aka

Answer 13

extremophiles

Question 14

extremophiles

Answer 14

organisms that live in extreme conditions

Question 15

cell type bacteria

Answer 15

prokaryote

Question 16

cell number bacteria

Answer 16

unicellular

Question 17

nutrition bacteria

Answer 17

both

Question 18

cell structure bacteria

Answer 18

cell wall

Question 19

cell type eukarya

Answer 19

eukaryote

Question 20

cell number eukarya

Answer 20

both

Question 21

nutrition eukarya

Answer 21

both

Question 22

cell structure eukarya

Answer 22

both

Question 23

four kingdoms of eukarya

Answer 23

plantae, anamalia, protista, fungi

Question 24

where do members of protista live

Answer 24

moist and water environments

Question 25

size of protists

Answer 25

very small, microscopic

Question 26

cell number protista

Answer 26

both

Question 27

cell structure protista

Answer 27

cell walls

Question 28

nutrition protista

Answer 28

both

Question 29

cell number fungi

Answer 29

multicellular

Question 30

what kind of organisms are fungi

Answer 30

decomposers

Question 31

cell structure fungi

Answer 31

cell wall

Question 32

nutrition fungi

Answer 32

heterotroph

Question 33

cell number plantae

Answer 33

multicellular

Question 34

cell structure plantae

Answer 34

cell wall

Question 35

nutrition plantae

Answer 35

autotrophs

Question 36

cell number anamalia

Answer 36

multicellular

Question 37

cell structure anamalia

Answer 37

no cell walls

Question 38

nutrition anamalia

Answer 38

heterotrophs

Question 39

levels of classification

Answer 39

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 40

phylum

Answer 40

related classes

Question 41

class

Answer 41

related orders

Question 42

order

Answer 42

related families

Question 43

family

Answer 43

related genus

Question 44

genus

Answer 44

related species

Question 45

species

Answer 45

specific organisms

Question 46

aristotle

Answer 46

first person to classify organisms

Question 47

what did aristotle group organisms based off of

Answer 47

structural similarities and complexity

Question 48

why was aristotle's method flawed

Answer 48

little evidence to prove which species were more complex, did not account for evolution

Question 49

extant

Answer 49

currently existing species

Question 50

carolus linnaeus

Answer 50

developed binomial nomenclature

Question 51

binomial nomenclature

Answer 51

a two word system for naming an organism based on characteristics

Question 52

what did binomial nomenclature provide

Answer 52

scientific names

Question 53

two parts of scientific name

Answer 53

genus and species

Question 54

how to write using binomial nomenclature

Answer 54

first letter of genus is capitalized, everything else is lowercase, name is italicized if typed and underlined if written

Question 55

phylogeny

Answer 55

the evolutionary history of a species

Question 56

what is phylogeny limited by

Answer 56

knowledge of species

Question 57

what kind of species make up phylogeny

Answer 57

extinct and extant

Question 58

what kind of data is considered in phylogeny

Answer 58

molecular

Question 59

models of phylogeny

Answer 59

phylogenic tree, cladogram

Question 60

phylogenic tree

Answer 60

branched model showing the amount of time that separates species and the length of the branch signifies the span of time

Question 61

cladogram

Answer 61

model that shows the relationship of relatedness when divergence occured but does not take into account the time

Question 62

what may cladograms indicate

Answer 62

when speciation of traits occurs

Question 63

LUCA

Answer 63

the last universal common ancestor

Question 64

when did LUCA evolve

Answer 64

about 3.5-3.8 bya

Question 65

could other organisms have been alive at lucas time

Answer 65

yeah but they didnt survive

Question 66

about luca

Answer 66

unicellular, cell membrane, genetic information (idk dna/rna), in hydrothermal vents in deep ocean floor, autotrophic, anaerobic, all 8 cols

Question 67

what do scientists group organisms based on

Answer 67

characteristics

Question 68

dichotomous keys

Answer 68

a device that allows organisms to be identified in a step by step method

Question 69

how many parts do dichotomous keys have

Answer 69

two

Question 70

couplets

Answer 70

the two parts a stage in a dichotomous key is divided into

Question 71

the choices in couplets are

Answer 71

opposites

Question 72

where do you start with dichotomous keys

Answer 72

1

Question 73

how much of the couplet will identify an organism

Answer 73

sometimes half sometimes both parts

Question 74

4 rules of couplets

Answer 74

clues should be opposite with no third choice possible, one less couplet than organisms identified, always move downwards, start at one