Final Review: Unit 13

Question 1

bacillus

Answer 1

rod shaped bacteria

Question 2

coccus

Answer 2

round bacteria

Question 3

spirilium

Answer 3

spiral bacteria

Question 4

staphylo

Answer 4

bacteria cluster together

Question 5

strepto

Answer 5

bacteria form chains or filaments

Question 6

where do you put staphylo/strepto

Answer 6

before the bacterial shape

Question 7

3 ways bacteria obtain energy

Answer 7

photosynthetic bacteria, chemoautotrophic bacteria, heterotrophic bacteria

Question 8

photosynthetic bacteria

Answer 8

bacteria that carry out most of the planet’s photosynthesis

Question 9

where must photosynthetic bacteria live

Answer 9

areas with light

Question 10

chemotrophic bacteria

Answer 10

do not require light and get energy by using chemicals

Question 11

heterotrophic bacteria

Answer 11

break down bodies of dead organisms

Question 12

what are heterotrophic bacteria known as

Answer 12

principal decomposers of the living world

Question 13

what do scientists use to make antibiotics

Answer 13

heterotrophic bacteria

Question 14

three types of bacterial reproduction

Answer 14

binary fission, conjugation, horizontal gene transfer

Question 15

conjugation

Answer 15

when two bacteria make contact and reproduce

Question 16

horizontal gene transfer

Answer 16

non-self dna is transferred into an organism

Question 17

2 ways bacteria cause diseases

Answer 17

they metabolize their host, secrete toxins that are poisonous to eukaryotic cells

Question 18

metabolizing host

Answer 18

secrete enzymes that break down complex organic structures and absorb them

Question 19

uses of bacteria

Answer 19

food, beverages, medecine, industry

Question 20

are viruses living

Answer 20

no

Question 21

bacteria or virus smaller

Answer 21

virus

Question 21

virus

Answer 21

segment of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat

Question 22

when is the only time viruses replicate

Answer 22

when they attack or infect a living host cell

Question 23

what do viruses use to make more viruses

Answer 23

the host cell

Question 24

capsid

Answer 24

protein coat around a virus

Question 25

what is around a capsid

Answer 25

envelope

Question 26

what does envelope allow for the virus

Answer 26

to enter the cell

Question 27

what kind of nucleic acid is in virus

Answer 27

dna or rna

Question 28

shapes of a virus

Answer 28

helical, polyhedral

Question 29

helical virus

Answer 29

rod-like in appearance with capsids winding around it in a spiral

Question 30

polyhedral virus

Answer 30

many sides, roughly spherical

Question 31

bacteriophage

Answer 31

special kinds of viruses that attack bacteria

Question 32

shape of bacteriophage

Answer 32

helical tail, polyhedral head

Question 33

when do viruses cause damage

Answer 33

when virus replicates inside the cell

Question 34

pathogen

Answer 34

any agent that causes disease

Question 35

two paths virus can take after infecting a cell

Answer 35

lytic, lysogenic

Question 36

lytic cycle

Answer 36

it immediately begins to make more viruses

Question 37

lysogenic cycle

Answer 37

it enters a host cell and does not cause any immediate harm

Question 38

what happens in the lytic cycle

Answer 38

the virus infects and destroys the host cell in order to make more viruses

Question 39

steps of the lytic cycle

Answer 39

attatchment, entry, replication, assembly, release

Question 40

attatchment lytic

Answer 40

virus attatches to host

Question 41

entry lytic

Answer 41

pokes hole in cell and nucleic material is injected

Question 42

replication lytic

Answer 42

viral dna takes control and makes cell create more viral dna and protein

Question 43

assembly lytic

Answer 43

new viral parts join and new viruses fill cell

Question 44

release

Answer 44

cell bursts and releases new viruses, seek new hosts, repeat

Question 45

relationship between entry in lysogenic cycle vs lytic cycle

Answer 45

entry is the same

Question 46

after virus dna is inserted in lysogenic...

Answer 46

it does not produce more viral parts

Question 47

provirus

Answer 47

the inserted viral dna that does not produce more viral parts yet

Question 48

how does the provirus replicate

Answer 48

as the host cell replicates

Question 49

how does the virus move into the lytic cycle after being in lysogenic

Answer 49

stimuli

Question 50

after the virus moves to lytic cycle after lysogenic

Answer 50

it destroys the cell

Question 51

why do some viruses remain dormant

Answer 51

they wait until favorable conditions come to release a large number of viruses

Question 52

prions

Answer 52

protein without a nucleic acid

Question 53

are viruses easy to treat

Answer 53

no

Question 54

antibodies

Answer 54

created by immune system when exposed to a virus to combat it

Question 55

shape of antibodies

Answer 55

y

Question 56

what do antibodies bind to

Answer 56

antigens

Question 57

antigens

Answer 57

proteins found on an invader

Question 58

herd immunity

Answer 58

when viruses cannot spread throughout populations