Final Review: Unit 3

Question 1

limiting factors

Answer 1

any factors that restrict the numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms

Question 2

tolerance

Answer 2

the ability of an organism to survive when subjected to certain factors

Question 3

range of tolerance

Answer 3

defines the upper and lower limits that has the conditions necessary for an organism to survive

Question 4

ecological succession

Answer 4

the cahnge in an ecosystem that happens when one community replaces another as a result of chanigng abiotic and biotic factors

Question 5

primary succession

Answer 5

the establishment of a community in an area of exposed rock that does not have any topsoil

Question 6

types of ecological succession

Answer 6

primary and secondary

Question 7

secondary succession

Answer 7

the establishment of a community in an area in which the soil has remained

Question 8

pioneer species

Answer 8

the first species to appear during succession

Question 9

what do pioneer species do in primary succession

Answer 9

help create soil by combining decaying organic material with rock

Question 10

what do pioneer species do in secondary succession

Answer 10

first to start the succession process

Question 11

population dynamic

Answer 11

the study of how and why populations change in size and structure over time

Question 12

aquatic

Answer 12

relate to water

Question 13

terrestrial

Answer 13

relate to earth

Question 14

population density

Answer 14

the number of organisms per unit area

Question 15

dispersion

Answer 15

the pattern or spacing of a population

Question 16

population range

Answer 16

the variety of places where a population can survive

Question 17

density-independent factors

Answer 17

do not depend on the number of members in a population per unit area

Question 18

density-dependent factors

Answer 18

do depend on the number of membesr in a population per unit area

Question 19

population growth rate

Answer 19

explains how fast a given population grows

Question 20

natality

Answer 20

the population’s birth rate in a given period

Question 21

mortality

Answer 21

the population’s death rate in a given period

Question 22

exponential growth

Answer 22

occurs when the growth rate is proportional to the size of the population

Question 23

how do populations grow

Answer 23

exponentially until limiting factors slow the growth

Question 24

logistic growth model

Answer 24

population’s growth slows or stops after exponential growth

Question 25

where does the population's growth slow or stop

Answer 25

carrying capacity (k)

Question 26

carrying capacity

Answer 26

the maximum number of organisms in a species that an environment can support

Question 27

biodiversity

Answer 27

the variety of life in an area determined by the number of different species

Question 28

three major types of biodiversity

Answer 28

genetic, species, ecosystem

Question 29

genetic diversity

Answer 29

the variety of genes in a population

Question 30

species diversity

Answer 30

the number of different species and their relative abundance in a biological community

Question 31

ecosystem diversity

Answer 31

the variety of ecosystems in the biosphere

Question 32

what does ecosystem diversity depend on

Answer 32

abiotic factors

Question 33

sustainable use

Answer 33

using resources at a rate in which they can be replaced or recycled

Question 34

extinction is

Answer 34

the ultimate cost of losing biodiversity

Question 35

what has caused greater extinction rates

Answer 35

human activity

Question 36

overexploitation

Answer 36

excessive use of species with economic value

Question 37

habitat loss

Answer 37

living areas being destroyed or disrupted

Question 38

factors that threaten biodiversity

Answer 38

pollution, biomagnification, acid precipitation, eutrophication, introduced species

Question 39

pollution

Answer 39

substances that alter air, soil, and water

Question 40

where can pollution go

Answer 40

some can be metabolized and excreted and some can accumulate in organisms's tissue

Question 41

biological magnification

Answer 41

the increase in concentration of toxic substances at higher trophic levels

Question 42

acid precipitation

Answer 42

when chemicals react with water in the air to form acids

Question 43

what causes acid precipitation

Answer 43

burning of fossil fuels when they release chemicals in the air

Question 44

what does acid precipitation do

Answer 44

removes nutrients from the soil which damages plants and can accumulate in bodies of water

Question 45

eutrophication

Answer 45

the process of fertilizers, waste, sewage, or other nitrogen and phosphorus containing substances flow into the bodies of water resulting in excessive algae and plant growth

Question 46

what does the excessive algae growth cause

Answer 46

suffocation of other aquatic organisms as it uses up all the dissolved oxygen in the water

Question 47

introduced species

Answer 47

nonnative species transported to a new habitat

Question 48

what does recovery depend on

Answer 48

the size of the affected area

Question 49

ways to speed up recovery

Answer 49

bioremediation, biological augmentation

Question 50

bioremediation

Answer 50

using living organisms to detoxify a polluted area

Question 51

biological augmentation

Answer 51

adding natural predators to a damaged ecosystem

Question 52

biological hot-spot

Answer 52

must be at least 1500 endemic species and has lost at least 70% of its habitat

Question 53

endemic species

Answer 53

a species found only in a specific geographic area