Health chapter 1

Question 1

Female reproductive cell

Answer 1

ovum

Question 2

Male reproductive cell

Answer 2

sperm

Question 3

fertilized egg cell

Answer 3

zygote

Question 4

another name for the mother’s womb

Answer 4

uterus

Question 5

Once implantation to the lining of the uterus takes place, the cluster of cells is known as _______

Answer 5

embryo

Question 6

During the 3rd and 4th weeks a _______ forms between the body of the baby and the mother

Answer 6

placenta

Question 7

a bundle of three blood vessels

Answer 7

umbilical cord

Question 8

The baby’s most important period of growth has been completed by _____

Answer 8

week 9

Question 9

From Week 9 until the time of birth, the baby is referred to as a ______

Answer 9

fetus

Question 10

Provides primary care for infants and children

Answer 10

pediatrician

Question 11

the transitional change from childhood to adulthood

Answer 11

adolescence

Question 12

Changes during adolescence are controlled by ______

Answer 12

hormones

Question 13

stimulators of the endocrine system

Answer 13

hormones

Question 14

doctor that treats diseases and disorders of the endocrine system

Answer 14

endocrinologist

Question 15

______ helps regulate the body’s growth and development

Answer 15

endocrine system

Question 16

______ influences most of the body’s other functions

Answer 16

endocrine system

Question 17

“master gland”

Answer 17

pituitary gland

Question 18

_____ connects to the hypothalamus

Answer 18

pituitary gland

Question 19

portion of the brain that controls the body’s automatic activities (emotions)

Answer 19

hypothalamus

Question 20

growth hormone that regulates overall growth rate by stimulating new tissue growth

Answer 20

somatotropin

Question 21

hormone that helps regulate blood pressure and the body’s water balance

Answer 21

antidiuretic hormone

Question 22

gland that secretes hormones that regulate metabolism

Answer 22

thyroid gland

Question 23

chemical and physical processes by which the body “burns” food and generates energy

Answer 23

metabolism

Question 24

____ regulate the amount of calcium in the blood

Answer 24

parathyroid glands

Question 25

_____ produce epinephrine

Answer 25

adrenal glands

Question 26

known as the "emergency action" because it prepares the body for stressful situations

Answer 26

epinephrine

Question 27

contains a small group of cells called the islets of Langerhans

Answer 27

pancreas

Question 28

_____ regulate the amount of glucose in the blood

Answer 28

islets of Langerhans

Question 29

sugar

Answer 29

glucose

Question 30

hormone produced primarily in women

Answer 30

estrogen

Question 31

hormone produced primarily in men

Answer 31

testosterone

Question 32

small gland that controls waking and sleeping

Answer 32

pineal gland

Question 33

hormone produced by the pineal gland

Answer 33

melatonin

Question 34

means "inside or within"

Answer 34

en- , end- , endo-

Question 35

means "science" or "study"

Answer 35

-logy

Question 36

refers to sugar or carbohydrates

Answer 36

-ose

Question 37

the study of the structures, functions, disorders, and diseases of the digestive system

Answer 37

gastroenterology

Question 38

three main functions of digestive system:

Answer 38

1. digestion of food 2. absorption of nutrients 3. elimination of wastes

Question 39

the physical and chemical breakdown of complex nutrients into simpler, water-soluble substances the body can use

Answer 39

digestion

Question 40

hardest substance in the body

Answer 40

enamel

Question 41

means "surrounding or enclosing"

Answer 41

peri-

Question 42

means "tooth"

Answer 42

dent- , dont-

Question 43

refers to the stomach

Answer 43

gastro-

Question 44

refers to the intestine

Answer 44

entero-

Question 45

______ treats diseases of the teeth and gums

Answer 45

dentist

Question 46

______ treats diseases and disorders of the digestive system

Answer 46

gastroenterologist

Question 47

visible part of the tooth

Answer 47

crown

Question 48

tissue that surrounds the tooth; also called the gum

Answer 48

gingiva

Question 49

muscular organ that softens food and pushes it to the back of the mouth

Answer 49

tongue

Question 50

____ closes the opening on nasal passages in the back of the throat

Answer 50

uvula

Question 51

flap of cartilage that closes over the trachea to keep food from entering the respiratory tract

Answer 51

epiglottis

Question 52

protein molecules designed to activate or speed up chemical reactions in your body

Answer 52

enzymes

Question 53

muscular tube that connects the pharynx (throat) with the stomach

Answer 53

esophagus

Question 54

wavelike contractions that force food through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract

Answer 54

peristalsis

Question 55

a muscular, saclike organ that has the largest diameter of any section of the digestive tract

Answer 55

stomach

Question 56

after food leaves the stomach, it passes through the _____, the longest part of the digestive tract

Answer 56

small intestine

Question 57

the movement of water, digested food, and other dissolved substances in the bloodstream

Answer 57

absorption

Question 58

most absorption takes place in the ____, the middle section of the small intestine

Answer 58

jejunum

Question 59

_____ is larger in diameter than the small intestine, but much shorter in length

Answer 59

large intestine (colon)

Question 60

fingerlike projection at the junction of the small intestine and colon that has no known function in the digestive system

Answer 60

appendix

Question 61

_____ produces pancreatic juice for digesting fats, carbohydrates, and proteins

Answer 61

pancreas

Question 62

food travels this path:

Answer 62

1. mouth 2. pharynx 3. esophagus 4. stomach 5. rectum

Question 63

the largest internal organ of the body that has 100s of functions, such as changing sugar into glucose and storing nutrients

Answer 63

liver

Question 64

the liver's most important function is _____

Answer 64

secreting bile, which is essential for breaking down fats and oils

Question 65

_____ stores and concentrates bile for digestion

Answer 65

gallbladder

Question 66

simple sugars

Answer 66

monosaccharides

Question 67

two monosaccharides combined

Answer 67

disaccharides

Question 68

______ contain carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen

Answer 68

carbohydrates

Question 69

___ should be the body's main source of energy

Answer 69

carbohydrates

Question 70

___ are made of long chains of building blocks called amino acids

Answer 70

proteins

Question 71

_____ are considered incomplete proteins because they lack one or more of the essential amino acids

Answer 71

plant proteins

Question 72

typical fat molecules that consist of 3 fatty acids are known as _____

Answer 72

triglycerides

Question 73

both fats and fatty substances are _____, a general term for fatlike substances that are typically soluble in water

Answer 73

lipids

Question 74

substances that neutralize harmful molecules called free radicals

Answer 74

antioxidants

Question 75

vitamins __ and __ serve as antioxidants

Answer 75

C and E

Question 76

refers to the liver

Answer 76

hepat-

Question 77

means large

Answer 77

macro-

Question 78

means one

Answer 78

mono-

Question 79

means two

Answer 79

di-

Question 80

means many; more than one

Answer 80

poly-

Question 81

means three

Answer 81

tri-

Question 82

means disease

Answer 82

-osis

Question 83

means over, above, or excessive

Answer 83

hyper-

Question 84

means fat or fatty

Answer 84

lip- , lipo-

Question 85

means small

Answer 85

micro-

Question 86

refers to the bones

Answer 86

osteo-

Question 87

the common unit for measuring the energy value of foods

Answer 87

kilocalorie (often shortened to calorie)

Question 88

the proportion of nutrients compared to the number of calories that food contains

Answer 88

nutrient density