Science Midterm Flashcards
1
Q
the study of matter and movement of God’s physical creation
A
science
2
Q
a tentative explanation
A
hypothesis
3
Q
means that a scientist will obtain consistent results if he performs the same experiment many times, keeping all factors as similar as possible between experiments
A
repeatability
4
Q
the ability of other scientists to reach the same conclusion by performing the same experiment under different conditions and by performing other experiments under different conditions
A
reproducibility
5
Q
the factor measured to determine the results of an experiment
A
dependent variable
6
Q
a group in which the independent variable is absent
A
control group
7
Q
a set of conclusions supported by scientific hypotheses and repeated experimentation that describes why a law works
A
theory
8
Q
a statement, grounded in a theory, of what should naturally occur under a given set of conditions
A
scientific law
9
Q
the four limitations of science
A
scope of science, approximations, bias, assumptions
10
Q
two reasons to study science are _____ and _____
A
glorify God and man’s benefit
11
Q
the study of reasoning
A
logic
12
Q
a statement of fact
A
proposition
13
Q
in logic, an argument is considered ____ if the inference logically follows from the premises
A
valid
14
Q
the use of science to solve practical problems
A
technology
15
Q
a model of a design used for testing
A
prototype
16
Q
anything that provides a partial representation of something else
A
model
17
Q
the study of the nonliving creation other than the earth and space
A
physical science
18
Q
the substance of the physical world; anything that has inertia
A
matter
19
Q
the amount of space that matter takes up
A
volume
20
Q
the study of interactions between matter and energy
A
physics
21
Q
the study of the composition and interactions of matter
A
chemistry
22
Q
the fourth state of matter that exists at extremely high temperatures
A
plasma
23
Q
the most important part of an equation
A
equal sign
24
Q
the language of science
A
mathematics
25
the closeness of a measurement to
the quantity’s actual value.
accuracy
26
refers to how closely several measurements match each other
precision
27
for measured data to be meaningful, it must include _____
units
28
the system with meticulously defined standards
SI system
29
the coldest possible temperature
absolute zero
30
formula for density
p = m / v (density = mass / volume)
31
density will always be measured in _____
g / cm cubed
32
1 mL = ______
1 cm cubed
33
formula for pressure
P = F / A (pressure = force / area)
34
formula for acceleration
a = v(final) - v (initial) / time
35
formula for velocity
v = d / t (velocity = displacement / time)
36
formula for force
f = ma (force = mass x acceleration)
37
formula for Boyle's law
P1V1 = P2V2
38
formula for Charles's law
V1/T1 = V2/T2
39
formula for Amontons's law
P1/T1 = P2/T2
40
formula for wave speed
v = λf (speed = wavelength x frequency)
41
the branch of physics developed after 1900
modern physics
42
the branch of physics developed before 1900
classical physics
43
a measure with only magnitude
scalar
44
a measure with both magnitude and direction
vector
45
the Greek symbol that means "change in"
delta
46
what is the Pythagorean theorem
a squared + b squared = c squared
47
what is the measure of how quickly an object moves
speed
48
the change in position divided by time
velocity
49
any change in velocity
acceleration
50
an acceleration opposite the direction of motion
deceleration
51
states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
third law of motion
52
the pushing or pulling action of one object upon another
force
53
states that the velocity of an object does not change unless that object is acted upon by an outside force
first law of motion
54
what law states that F = ma
second law of motion
55
the gravitational force exerted on an object that we perceive
weight
56
what is the acceleration due to gravity?
9.81 m / s squared
57
the speed at which a falling object will stop increasing speed
terminal velocity
58
the resistance arising to an object's motion through a fluid or across a surface
friction
59
what is the transfer of energy from one object to another by force
work
60
the rate of doing work is ______
power
61
the product of mass and velocity is ____
momentum
62
devices for doing work
machines
63
the pivot point of a lever
fulcrum
64
a combination of one or more fixed and movable pulleys
block and tackle
65
a simple machine with two inclined planes back to back
wedge
66
the distance from one of the ridges or threads on the screw's shaft to the next
pitch
67
matter that has no definite shape and can flow
fluid
68
atoms or molecules of the same substance held together by attraction
cohesion
69
the attraction of molecules or atoms of other substances
adhesion
70
the phenomenon in which liquids in thin tubes rise above or fall beneath their own levels
capillarity
71
the SI unit of pressure
Pascal
72
an airtight reservoir of a liquid opening into two cylinders of different diameters fitted with movable pistons
hydraulic press
73
the ability of a gas to be easily squeezed and compacted into smaller containers
compressibility
74
a device used to measure air pressure
barometer
75
an empty space with no matter
vacuum
76
an upward force exerted by a fluid on a solid object placed in the fluid
buoyancy
77
states that the buoyant force experienced by an object is exactly equal to the fluid displaced
Archimedes' principle
78
the point at which an object is completely submerged but not sinking
neutral buoyancy
79
the science of shaping objects to allow the smooth flow of fluids around them and reduce drag
streamlining
80
a force on an object that is generated by relative motion between the object and a fluid and is perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow
lift
81
an object designed to produce lift as it moves relative to a fluid
foil
82
the ability to do work and change matter
energy
83
the SI unit of work
Joule
84
_____ discovered the particle theory of light
Sir Isaac Newton
85
_______ discovered the wave theory of light
Christiaan Huygens
86
discovered the light is an electromagnetic wave
James Clerk Maxwell
87
the idea that light is a stream of tiny particles emitted by a light source
particle theory of light
88
the idea that light actually consists of waves, not particles
wave theory of light
89
_______ discovered that light is an invisible electromagnetic wave
Heinrich Hertz
90
the absence of color
black
91
the twinkling of stars
scintillation
92
what are the subtractive primary colors
cyan, yellow, and magenta
93
what are the additive primary colors
blue, red, and green
94
cells in the eyes that see color
cones
95
states that light has both a wave nature and a particle nature
quantum theory of light
96
electromagnetic waves traveling as photons
light
97
tiny bundles of energy
photons
98
electromagnetic waves that the human eye can perceive
visible light
99
a mixture of all the colors of light
white
100
a mirror in which the reflecting surface is inside the spherical surface
concave mirror
101
a mirror in which the reflecting surface is outside the spherical surface
convex mirror
102
a piece of glass or other substance specifically designed to refract light
lens
103
lens that curves outward and causes rays of light passing through it to bend inward and converge on a point
convex lens
104
lens that curves inward, like the opening of a cave, and causes rays of light passing through it to bend outward
concave lens
105
occurs when the light rays from a distant object are refracted by heated air so that the object appears to be nearby
mirage
106
a semicircular arc of colored bands of light that forms in the sky when millions of airborne water droplets act like tiny prisms
rainbow
107
the phenomenon in which colors are produced on the surface of an object by interference
iridescence
108
light fringes that result from constructive interference of light waves
antinodes
109
dark fringes that result from constructive interference of light waves
node
110
when a beam of light's rays are all aligned in the same direction it is said to be _________
polarized
111
an arrangement of all forms of electromagnetic radiation in order of frequency and wavelength
electromagnetic spectrum
112
the two types of rays that radar uses are _______ and ________
radio and microwaves
113
______ discovered that the energy of electromagnetic waves depends on its frequency
Max Planck
114
the process where a single photon is emitted by an excited electron
spontaneous emission
115
the process of photon emission by stimulation of already-excited atoms
stimulated emission
116
list the three laser characteristics
coherent, extremely intense, monochromatic
117
a device that generates and amplifies high-energy beams of light using stimulated emission
laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation)
118
the use of laser beams to transmit signals through narrow glass cables
fiber optics
119
a 3 dimensional image produced by laser light
hologram
119
MERRY CHRISTMAS!!!
120
describes the behavior of objects traveling near the speed of light
special theory of relativity
121
the apparent slowdown in time for a rapidly moving object
time dilation
122
proposes that gravity is a result of the geometry of space itself
general theory of relativity
123
apparent contraction in length, which results from the apparent slowdown of time
Lorentz contraction
124
what two things are affected by a high gravitational field
time and length
125
which fundamental force has almost no effect on potential energy
weak nuclear force
126
the fundamental force that holds the nucleus together
strong nuclear force
127
an attractive force between all material objects
gravitational force
128
one of the four potential energies of the electromagnetic force
magnetic potential energy
129
MERRY CHRISTMAS!
130
what is the speed of light
3.00 x 10 to the 8th m /s
