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9th Grade Flashcards > Science Midterm > Flashcards

Science Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

the study of matter and movement of God’s physical creation

A

science

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2
Q

a tentative explanation

A

hypothesis

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3
Q

means that a scientist will obtain consistent results if he performs the same experi­ment many times, keeping all factors as similar as possible between experiments

A

repeatability

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4
Q

the ability of other scientists to reach the same conclusion by performing the same experiment under different conditions and by performing other experiments under different conditions

A

reproducibility

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5
Q

the factor measured to determine the results of an experiment

A

dependent variable

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6
Q

a group in which the independent variable is absent

A

control group

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7
Q

a set of conclusions supported by scientific hypotheses and repeated experimentation that describes why a law works

A

theory

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8
Q

a statement, grounded in a theory, of what should naturally occur under a given set of conditions

A

scientific law

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9
Q

the four limitations of science

A

scope of science, approximations, bias, assumptions

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10
Q

two reasons to study science are _____ and _____

A

glorify God and man’s benefit

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11
Q

the study of reasoning

A

logic

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12
Q

a statement of fact

A

proposition

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13
Q

in logic, an argument is considered ____ if the inference logically follows from the premises

A

valid

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14
Q

the use of science to solve practical problems

A

technology

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15
Q

a model of a design used for testing

A

prototype

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16
Q

anything that provides a partial representation of something else

A

model

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17
Q

the study of the nonliving creation other than the earth and space

A

physical science

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18
Q

the substance of the physical world; anything that has inertia

A

matter

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19
Q

the amount of space that matter takes up

A

volume

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20
Q

the study of interactions between matter and energy

A

physics

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21
Q

the study of the composition and interactions of matter

A

chemistry

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22
Q

the fourth state of matter that exists at extremely high temperatures

A

plasma

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23
Q

the most important part of an equation

A

equal sign

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24
Q

the language of science

A

mathematics

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25
Q

the closeness of a measurement to
the quantity’s actual value.

A

accuracy

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26
Q

refers to how closely several measurements match each other

A

precision

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27
Q

for measured data to be meaningful, it must include _____

A

units

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28
Q

the system with meticulously defined standards

A

SI system

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29
Q

the coldest possible temperature

A

absolute zero

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30
Q

formula for density

A

p = m / v (density = mass / volume)

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31
Q

density will always be measured in _____

A

g / cm cubed

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32
Q

1 mL = ______

A

1 cm cubed

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33
Q

formula for pressure

A

P = F / A (pressure = force / area)

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34
Q

formula for acceleration

A

a = v(final) - v (initial) / time

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35
Q

formula for velocity

A

v = d / t (velocity = displacement / time)

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36
Q

formula for force

A

f = ma (force = mass x acceleration)

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37
Q

formula for Boyle’s law

A

P1V1 = P2V2

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38
Q

formula for Charles’s law

A

V1/T1 = V2/T2

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39
Q

formula for Amontons’s law

A

P1/T1 = P2/T2

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40
Q

formula for wave speed

A

v = λf (speed = wavelength x frequency)

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41
Q

the branch of physics developed after 1900

A

modern physics

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42
Q

the branch of physics developed before 1900

A

classical physics

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43
Q

a measure with only magnitude

A

scalar

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44
Q

a measure with both magnitude and direction

A

vector

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45
Q

the Greek symbol that means “change in”

A

delta

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46
Q

what is the Pythagorean theorem

A

a squared + b squared = c squared

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47
Q

what is the measure of how quickly an object moves

A

speed

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48
Q

the change in position divided by time

A

velocity

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49
Q

any change in velocity

A

acceleration

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50
Q

an acceleration opposite the direction of motion

A

deceleration

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51
Q

states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

A

third law of motion

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52
Q

the pushing or pulling action of one object upon another

A

force

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53
Q

states that the velocity of an object does not change unless that object is acted upon by an outside force

A

first law of motion

54
Q

what law states that F = ma

A

second law of motion

55
Q

the gravitational force exerted on an object that we perceive

A

weight

56
Q

what is the acceleration due to gravity?

A

9.81 m / s squared

57
Q

the speed at which a falling object will stop increasing speed

A

terminal velocity

58
Q

the resistance arising to an object’s motion through a fluid or across a surface

A

friction

59
Q

what is the transfer of energy from one object to another by force

A

work

60
Q

the rate of doing work is ______

A

power

61
Q

the product of mass and velocity is ____

A

momentum

62
Q

devices for doing work

A

machines

63
Q

the pivot point of a lever

A

fulcrum

64
Q

a combination of one or more fixed and movable pulleys

A

block and tackle

65
Q

a simple machine with two inclined planes back to back

A

wedge

66
Q

the distance from one of the ridges or threads on the screw’s shaft to the next

A

pitch

67
Q

matter that has no definite shape and can flow

A

fluid

68
Q

atoms or molecules of the same substance held together by attraction

A

cohesion

69
Q

the attraction of molecules or atoms of other substances

A

adhesion

70
Q

the phenomenon in which liquids in thin tubes rise above or fall beneath their own levels

A

capillarity

71
Q

the SI unit of pressure

A

Pascal

72
Q

an airtight reservoir of a liquid opening into two cylinders of different diameters fitted with movable pistons

A

hydraulic press

73
Q

the ability of a gas to be easily squeezed and compacted into smaller containers

A

compressibility

74
Q

a device used to measure air pressure

A

barometer

75
Q

an empty space with no matter

A

vacuum

76
Q

an upward force exerted by a fluid on a solid object placed in the fluid

A

buoyancy

77
Q

states that the buoyant force experienced by an object is exactly equal to the fluid displaced

A

Archimedes’ principle

78
Q

the point at which an object is completely submerged but not sinking

A

neutral buoyancy

79
Q

the science of shaping objects to allow the smooth flow of fluids around them and reduce drag

A

streamlining

80
Q

a force on an object that is generated by relative motion between the object and a fluid and is perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow

A

lift

81
Q

an object designed to produce lift as it moves relative to a fluid

A

foil

82
Q

the ability to do work and change matter

A

energy

83
Q

the SI unit of work

A

Joule

84
Q

_____ discovered the particle theory of light

A

Sir Isaac Newton

85
Q

_______ discovered the wave theory of light

A

Christiaan Huygens

86
Q

discovered the light is an electromagnetic wave

A

James Clerk Maxwell

87
Q

the idea that light is a stream of tiny particles emitted by a light source

A

particle theory of light

88
Q

the idea that light actually consists of waves, not particles

A

wave theory of light

89
Q

_______ discovered that light is an invisible electromagnetic wave

A

Heinrich Hertz

90
Q

the absence of color

A

black

91
Q

the twinkling of stars

A

scintillation

92
Q

what are the subtractive primary colors

A

cyan, yellow, and magenta

93
Q

what are the additive primary colors

A

blue, red, and green

94
Q

cells in the eyes that see color

A

cones

95
Q

states that light has both a wave nature and a particle nature

A

quantum theory of light

96
Q

electromagnetic waves traveling as photons

A

light

97
Q

tiny bundles of energy

A

photons

98
Q

electromagnetic waves that the human eye can perceive

A

visible light

99
Q

a mixture of all the colors of light

A

white

100
Q

a mirror in which the reflecting surface is inside the spherical surface

A

concave mirror

101
Q

a mirror in which the reflecting surface is outside the spherical surface

A

convex mirror

102
Q

a piece of glass or other substance specifically designed to refract light

A

lens

103
Q

lens that curves outward and causes rays of light passing through it to bend inward and converge on a point

A

convex lens

104
Q

lens that curves inward, like the opening of a cave, and causes rays of light passing through it to bend outward

A

concave lens

105
Q

occurs when the light rays from a distant object are refracted by heated air so that the object appears to be nearby

A

mirage

106
Q

a semicircular arc of colored bands of light that forms in the sky when millions of airborne water droplets act like tiny prisms

A

rainbow

107
Q

the phenomenon in which colors are produced on the surface of an object by interference

A

iridescence

108
Q

light fringes that result from constructive interference of light waves

A

antinodes

109
Q

dark fringes that result from constructive interference of light waves

A

node

110
Q

when a beam of light’s rays are all aligned in the same direction it is said to be _________

A

polarized

111
Q

an arrangement of all forms of electromagnetic radiation in order of frequency and wavelength

A

electromagnetic spectrum

112
Q

the two types of rays that radar uses are _______ and ________

A

radio and microwaves

113
Q

______ discovered that the energy of electromagnetic waves depends on its frequency

A

Max Planck

114
Q

the process where a single photon is emitted by an excited electron

A

spontaneous emission

115
Q

the process of photon emission by stimulation of already-excited atoms

A

stimulated emission

116
Q

list the three laser characteristics

A

coherent, extremely intense, monochromatic

117
Q

a device that generates and amplifies high-energy beams of light using stimulated emission

A

laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation)

118
Q

the use of laser beams to transmit signals through narrow glass cables

A

fiber optics

119
Q

a 3 dimensional image produced by laser light

A

hologram

119
Q
A

MERRY CHRISTMAS!!!

120
Q

describes the behavior of objects traveling near the speed of light

A

special theory of relativity

121
Q

the apparent slowdown in time for a rapidly moving object

A

time dilation

122
Q

proposes that gravity is a result of the geometry of space itself

A

general theory of relativity

123
Q

apparent contraction in length, which results from the apparent slowdown of time

A

Lorentz contraction

124
Q

what two things are affected by a high gravitational field

A

time and length

125
Q

which fundamental force has almost no effect on potential energy

A

weak nuclear force

126
Q

the fundamental force that holds the nucleus together

A

strong nuclear force

127
Q

an attractive force between all material objects

A

gravitational force

128
Q

one of the four potential energies of the electromagnetic force

A

magnetic potential energy

129
Q
A

MERRY CHRISTMAS!

130
Q

what is the speed of light

A

3.00 x 10 to the 8th m /s

9th Grade Flashcards (71 decks)

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