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9th Grade Flashcards > Science Exam > Flashcards

Science Exam Flashcards

1
Q

a branch of the study of electricity that deals with the behavior and motion of electrons in a vacuum or in semiconductors

A

electronics

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2
Q

negative electrode of a vacuum tube

A

cathode

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3
Q

positive electrode of a vacuum tube

A

anode

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4
Q

glass tube containing electrodes sealed in a vacuum

A

vacuum tube

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5
Q

Early experimenters with vacuum tubes knew something was crossing the gap between electrodes in a vacuum, so they named them ______

A

cathode rays

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6
Q

designed so that the cathode rays would miss the anode and strike the end of the glass tube instead

A

cathode-ray tube (Crookes tube)

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7
Q

special type of vacuum tube to study cathode rays

A

cathode-ray tube (Crookes tube)

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8
Q

cathode-ray tube designed to generate x-rays

A

x-ray tube

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9
Q

tube designed to generate rays that were originally unknown

A

x-ray tube

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10
Q

The production of an electric current in a vacuum using a heated cathode

A

thermionic emission (Edison effect)

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11
Q

a vacuum tube in which current only flows one direction; has 2 electrodes

A

diode

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12
Q

a simple vacuum tube consisting of two electrodes

A

diode

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13
Q

a vacuum tube with three electrodes

A

triode

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14
Q

_____ acts as a very fast electronic switch

A

triode

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15
Q

a material that is neither a good conductor nor a good insulator

A

semiconductor

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16
Q

process where you can increase the number of holes or electrons by replacing some of the atoms of the semiconductor with atoms of another element

A

doping

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17
Q

material with extra electrons that are free to move

A

n-type semiconductor

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18
Q

material with extra holes lacking negative charge

A

p-type semiconductor

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19
Q

semiconductor device that, like a vacuum-tube diode, allows current to pass in only one direction

A

semiconductor diode

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20
Q

True or false: a p-n junction allows current to flow in only one direction

A

true

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21
Q

a semiconductor device that can perform the same functions as a vacuum-tube triode, such as acting as a “switch” and amplifying weak signals

A

transistor

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22
Q

A semiconductor device that produces electric current through the separation of charges through light

A

photovoltaic cell

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23
Q

devices that consist of solid crystals of semiconductor

A

solid-state devices

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24
Q

the most common type of transistor used today

A

FET (field-effect transistor) - found in computer chips

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25
Q

semiconductor diode that emits visible light when an electric current is applied

A

LED

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26
Q

device consisting of a single piece of semiconductor containing an entire electronic circuit

A

integrated circuit (chip)

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27
Q

three benefits of integrated circuits

A
  1. smaller
  2. cheaper
  3. more reliable
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28
Q

True or false: the effects of the transistor revolution are far greater than the effects of the integrated-circuit revolution.

A

false - it is the opposite

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29
Q

device that processes information using electronic circuits

A

computer

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30
Q

pieces of information

A

data

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31
Q

America’s first mass-produced computer

A

UNIVAC 1

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32
Q

first general-purpose electronic computer

A

ENIAC

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33
Q

The modern computer era is said to have begun with the completion of ______

A

ENIAC

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34
Q

random variations that affect any signal

A

noise

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35
Q

data that can have any possible value within a specified range

A

analog data

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36
Q

data that can have only certain values within a range

A

digital data

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37
Q

practically all modern electronic computers are _____ computers

A

digital

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38
Q

number system based on powers of 2

A

binary number system

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39
Q

number system based on powers of 16

A

hexadecimal number system

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40
Q

computer coding system upon which most other common coding systems are based

A

ASCII

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41
Q

a device that produces a single binary output based on one or more binary inputs

A

logic gate

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42
Q

the physical components of a computer

A

hardware

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43
Q

The “brain” of the computer; controls all the other systems of the computer, performs calculations, and executes the commands needed to accomplish specific tasks

A

CPU (central processing unit)

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44
Q

a single chip containing a complete CPU

A

microprocessor

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45
Q

the system of a computer that allows the CPU to store programs and information

A

memory

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46
Q

memory used by a computer to store information temporarily

A

RAM

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47
Q

memory used to store basic information that a computer needs to start and for flash memory

A

ROM

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48
Q

computer hardware used for permanent storage of information

A

mass storage device

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49
Q

a device that allows the CPU to communicate with the outside world

A

input/output device (I/O device)

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50
Q

a circuit board that connects all the computer’s components

A

motherboard

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51
Q

stored information and instructions that direct a computer to perform certain tasks

A

software

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52
Q

a single piece of software that directs a computer to perform a certain task

A

program

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53
Q

the worldwide computer network

A

internet

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54
Q

a large, powerful computer designed for rapidly performing complex calculations

A

supercomputer

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55
Q

a versatile, computer-directed machine that can be programmed to perform different tasks

A

robot

56
Q

type of memory that flash memory would use

A

ROM

57
Q

method of real-time communication

A

chat

58
Q

system of using the internet to access remote computer resources, usually to store information

A

cloud computing

59
Q

small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for one user at a time

A

PC (personal computer)

60
Q

single piece of software that directs the computer to do a certain task

A

program

61
Q

SI unit of electric charge

A

Coulomb

62
Q

some examples of mass storage devices are ____, ____, and _____

A

hard drives, optical discs, and flash memory

63
Q

connects multiple computers electronically, allowing information to be shared among them

A

computer networks

64
Q

most software is written in ____

A

programming language

65
Q

includes all the different programs that direct the computer to perform specific tasks for the user

A

application software

66
Q

Most system software is part of the _____

A

operating system (OS)

67
Q

the collection of programs that contain instructions for displaying words and images on the screen for the user to see, saving information on the disk drive, and detecting what the user types on the keyboard

A

operating system (OS)

68
Q

computers that can be programmed to perform a variety of processing tasks

A

general-purpose computers

69
Q

“serves” other computers by providing them with requested data

A

server

70
Q

large computers designed to store and retrieve vast amounts of information

A

mainframes

71
Q

the study of the nature, behavior, and uses of static electricity and related phenomena

A

electrostatics

72
Q

a proton has a ____ charge

A

positive

73
Q

an object with an equal number of positive and negative charges is ____

A

neutral

74
Q

the simplest form of electricity

A

static electricity

75
Q

electricity where the charges are stationary

A

static electricity

76
Q

states that opposite charges attract each other but like charges repel each other

A

law of electric charges

77
Q

the SI unit of electric charge

A

Coulomb

78
Q

electric fields can be mapped by _____, which are arrows that indicate how a positive test charge in the field would move

A

lines of force

79
Q

the method of charge transfer that is permanent is _____

A

conduction

80
Q

the flow of charge from one place to another

A

current

81
Q

the SI unit of voltage

A

volt

82
Q

Electricity that flows first in one direction and then the other, reversing at regular intervals, is called _____

A

AC (alternating current)

83
Q

the SI unit of current

A

amp

84
Q

materials through which electricity flows easily

A

conductors

85
Q

SI unit of resistance

A

ohm

86
Q

four factors affecting resistance

A

type of material, diameter of conductor, length of conductor, temperature

87
Q

material allows current to flow with no resistance

A

superconductor

88
Q

what is Ohm’s law

A

V = IR
voltage = current x resistance

89
Q

three parts of an electric circuit

A

source of current, conductors, load

90
Q

device that opens and closes a circuit

A

switch

91
Q

narrow strip of metal housed in a protective insulated case

A

fuse

92
Q

occurs when electricity takes a shortcut avoiding the load

A

short circuit

93
Q

an automatic switch that opens the circuit when current flowing through it exceeds a predetermined amount

A

circuit breaker

94
Q

a circuit in which the loads are arranged so that the electric current flows through each load one after another

A

series

95
Q

a circuit in which the loads are arranged in separate branches of the circuit and the current is divided among them

A

parallel circuit

96
Q

regions of concentrated magnetism

A

poles

97
Q

states that unlike poles attract each other, but like poles repel each other

A

law of magnetic poles

98
Q

lines that indicate the direction and strength of the magnetic field

A

lines of flux

99
Q

most important cause of magnetism in magnetic materials

A

electron spin

100
Q

the extent to which a material can absorb or channel lines of magnetic flux

A

permeability

101
Q

Lines connecting all points of 0 declination

A

agonic line

102
Q

Lines connecting all points of 0 inclination

A

magnetic equator

103
Q

ways to make a stronger electromagnet

A

add core, increase current, increase coils

104
Q

electric charge always moves ____

A

to the outside of the object

105
Q

surge of electricity from a cloud to the ground

A

lightning

106
Q

modern device for storing static electric charge

A

capacitor

107
Q

first electric light suitable for household use

A

incandescent lamp

108
Q

three electric discharge lamps

A

fluorescent, CFL, neon lamp

109
Q

device for converting electricity to back and forth motion

A

solenoid

110
Q

electrical switch operated by an electromagnet

A

relay

111
Q

device for converting pulses of electricity into sound waves

A

loudspeaker

112
Q

Device that can increase or decrease voltage of electric current using electromagnetic induction

A

transformer

113
Q

three ways to increase current based on electromagnetic induction

A

add coils, stronger magnet, more motion

114
Q

the negative terminal of a battery

A

anode

115
Q

the positive terminal of a battery

A

cathode

116
Q

a group of aligned atoms having a single magnetic field

A

domain

117
Q

substances with no unpaired electrons

A

diamagnetic

118
Q

substances that are always slightly repelled by either pole of a magnet

A

diamagnetic

119
Q

material weakly attracted to a magnet

A

paramagnetic

120
Q

material with one unpaired electron

A

paramagnetic

121
Q

materials that are strongly attracted to magnets

A

ferromagnetic

122
Q

substances with several unpaired electrons

A

ferromagnetic

123
Q

a device that produces a strong magnetic field when electricity passes through it

A

electromagnet

124
Q

temperature at which a ferromagnetic material’s domains disappear

A

Curie point

125
Q

a navigational device consisting of a magnet free to swing horizontally so that it always points north

A

magnetic compass

126
Q

book published by William Gilbert about his findings on magnetism

A

De Magnete

127
Q

the deviation of a compass from true north

A

angle of declination

128
Q

a device that produces static electricity

A

electrostatic generator

129
Q

a device for communicating over long distances by means of electromagnets

A

telegraph

130
Q

the most important device for converting electricity into motion

A

electric motor

131
Q

batteries arranged in ___ increase current

A

parallel

132
Q

batteries arranged in ____ increase voltage

A

series

133
Q

a generator in which a conducting fluid passes through a magnetic field at high speed

A

MHD generator

134
Q

the amount a certain object hinders electron flow

A

resistance

135
Q

energy divided by time

A

power

136
Q

work per unit charge done to move electric charges between different parts of an electric field

A

voltage

9th Grade Flashcards (71 decks)

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