HEALTH SYSTEMS AND MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE Flashcards
(18 cards)
A health system consists of :
- a set of ___________ about health & illness that form the basis for health- ___________ and health-___________ behavior;
- the ___________ arrangements within which that behavior occurs, and
- the socioeconomic/political/physical _________ for those beliefs and institutions.
cultural beliefs
seeking ; promoting
institutional ; context
A health system comprises a well – defined _________ , living within a clearly delineated administrative & geographical ________ , and includes all _________ & _________ providing health care.
population ; area
institutions ; individuals
A health system comprises all the organizations, institutions and resources that are ____________________________
devoted to providing health actions.
A health action is any effort, whether in ________ health care, ________ health services, or through ________
initiatives, whose primary purpose is to ______________ (WHR 2000).
personal ; public
intersectoral
improve health
The World Health Organization defines a health system as all organizations, people and actions whose primary intent is to _________,_________, and ________ ————
promote, restore and maintain health
Health System: Components
• ________ health care sector
• ________ & ________ health care providers
• _______________ activities
• Other health-enhancing interventions in related sectors
• ________ & ________ activities related to health, e.g. home mgt of ailments, all use of medication
• Definite ________ boundaries
Formal ; Unorthodox ;, informal
Public health
Family ; community
geographical
Nigerian Health System
>Formal/orthodox healthcare services
• Public & private
• Public – _______ tiers
• Private: more effective _______ is desirable
• Public-Private Sector mix; _______
> Unorthodox & informal providers Other related sectors
3 tiers
regulation
NGOs
Comparison & Contrast of Components of the Nigerian Health System, viz:
•__________
– Equity
– Accessibility
– Types of services
•____________
•_________
•________ of services
•_________ of services
Coverage
Community participation
Funding; Quality; Integration
Comparison & Contrast with other National Health Systems, viz:
• Level of spending on health care & sources of funds
• Health care _________
• Coverage
• Quality of services
• ________________________ of health workers
financing
Cadre/level of training
WHO Health systems building blocks
List the system building blocks
Leadership/ governance
Health care financing
Health workforce
Medical products/ technologies
Information and research
Service delivery
WHO Health systems building blocks
List the goals /outcomes
Improved health level and equity
Responsiveness
Financial risk protection
Improved efficiency
Improvements in service delivery require simultaneous improvements in the ______________ at all levels of implementation.
other building blocks
Key components of a well- functioning health system
A well functioning health system responds in a balanced way to a population’s needs and expectations by:
• improving the _________ of individuals, families and communities
• defending the population against what _________ its health
• protecting people against the _______________ of ill-health
• providing _________ access to people-centred care
• making it possible for people to _________ in decisions affecting their health and health system.
health status
threatens ; financial consequences
equitable ; participate
What is Health Reform?
__________ purposeful change to improve the __________,________, and _________ of the health sector
Sustained
efficiency ; equity
effectiveness
Health Reform
• Motivated by the need to address ___________________ in health care systems that affect health care service delivery.
• An inherently _______ process, often implemented on a _______-wide level.
fundamental deficiencies
political
sector
Why are Countries Taking on
Health Reform?
• Poor __________ of existing health systems
• Consumers ________ about poor treatment
• Public expenditures skewed toward _____ and neglect the ________, particularly _______
• ________ are scarce, demands increasing — forcing govts/donors to be strategic
• Donor _________ , ____________ issues
• ___________ Crises
performance ; unhappy
rich ; poor ; women
Resources ; Donor fatigue
sustainability ; Economic
Health Reform Measures
• ________ reforms/______ environment
• _________ reforms
• _________ mechanisms
• __________ reforms
Policy ; enabling
Financing
Payment
Organizational
A Health System includes all activities whose primary purpose is to _________
• It encompasses health-related activities of both ______ and _______ health sectors, ________ and _______ sectors, as well as __________ providers involved in health-enhancing interventions
improve health
public and private
formal and informal
non-health care
