Hemodynamics Review - RM Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Hemodynamics Review - RM Deck (29)
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1
Q

Trace the path of the blood starting from the right atrium.

A
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Lungs (pulmonary circuit)
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Body (systemic circuit)
Right atrium
2
Q

What percentage of blood remains in the venous circuit?

A

64%

Known as the “reservoir”

3
Q

Which side of the heart works the hardest?

A

Left ventricle, it is the “workhorse of the heart”

4
Q

Right sided heart failure leads to _______.

A

edema

5
Q

Left sided heart failure leads to ________.

A

pulmonary hypertension

crackles

6
Q

What 3 mechanisms return blood to the heart?

A

1) negative atrial pressure (inspiration)
2) constriction of veins
3) muscle contraction & venous valves

7
Q

What happens to systolic BP the farther it gets from the heart?

A

It goes down

8
Q

What is the normal systolic BP in the aorta?

A

120 mmHg

9
Q

What is the normal systolic BP in the right atrium?

A

0 to -5 mmHg

10
Q

How do the valves in the veins advance blood?

A

The muscles “milk” the veins and the valves keep the blood from flowing backward.

11
Q

Define “stroke volume”.

A

the amount of blood the LV is able to eject in 1 contraction

12
Q

Define “preload”.

A

the amount of pressure in the ventrical just before contraction

13
Q

Define “afterload”.

A

the amount of pressure outside of the heart that the heart must overcome

14
Q

Define “Starling’s Law”.

A

The more you stretch the ventrical, the harder it will contract - up to a certain point

15
Q

How much blood does the average adult have?

A

5 Liters

16
Q

T/F: In one minute the heart pumps all the blood in the body.

A

True

17
Q

What is the formula to find cardiac output?

A

CO = HR x SV

18
Q

Average SV is ______.

A

70 mL

19
Q

Average HR is ______.

A

70 bpm

20
Q

Average CO is ______.

A

4.9 L

21
Q

What lab tests are useful to determine if symptoms are HF or lung disease?

A

BNP & ANP

22
Q

When is BNP released?

A

Released by ventricles when they are overstretched.

23
Q

When is ANP released?

A

Released by atria when they are overstretched.

24
Q

BNP & ANP: Which value stays elevated and which only elevates in acute situations?

A

Long-term elevation: BNP
Acute elevation: ANP
(Remember the A’s, Acute = ANP)

25
Q

Normal BNP value is less than _____.

A

100

26
Q

Normal ANP value is _____.

A

20-77

27
Q

If the pt is having trouble breathing and the BNP is normal, would you suspect a cardiac or pulmonary issue?

A

Pulmonary issue; if it was a cardiac issue the BNP would still be elevated.

28
Q

BNP or ANP, which is the more important value?

A

BNP; because it stays elevated while ANP will return to normal quickly.

29
Q

At what point in Starling’s Law are BNP & ANP expressed?

A

when the stroke volume has maxed out then starts to decline