What is an early sign of herpes virus?
tingling sensation
Do these medications destroy Herpes Simplex Virus?
No, it lies dormant in nerves
Which type of HSV effects the face?
Which type of HSV effects the genitals?
HSV-1 = face (you have ONE mouth)
HSV-2 = genitals (you have TWO balls)
Suffix for HSV medications?
-cyclovir
Acyclovir
Valacyclovir
Which -cyclovir med treats HSV-1?
Which -cyclovir med treats HSV-2)
TRICK QUESTION!
They each treat both
Which HSV medication is IV?
Which is PO?
Acyclovir is IV & PO
Valacyclovir is PO
What is diff. b/t Acyclovir and Valacyclovir?
Same drug, but Valacyclovir has an extra part added that increases it’s absorption
Which requires more doses, Acyclovir or Valacyclovir?
Acyclovir
b/c Valacyclovir has the extra part added that increases it’s absorption
MOA: -acyclovir (HSV Meds)
They are only activated in Viral cells
When activated, they disrupt the process of building new DNA
What do we mean when we say that Valacyclovir meds are pro-prodrugs?
it is already a prodrug but it is only activated when in contact w/ enzymes within a virus
Common Adverse Effects of -acyclovir (HSV Meds):
- Headache
- N/V
- Phlebitis (w/ IV acyclovir)
Rare Adverse Effects of -acyclovir (HSV Meds):
- Crystal urea (kidneys)
- Altered Mental Status
Why does -acyclovir have a rare adverse effect of Crystal Urea?
It has a hard time dissolving in H2O
So stay hydrated
If mom has HSV-2, what can we do besides cesarean delivery to decrease child’s chances of catching?
Give mom PO -cyclovir med
When can you give prophylactic PO -cyclovir (HSV Med)?
- Pregnant mom to protect baby
- Painful, recurrent HSV-2 outbreaks
Two other uses for -cyclovir (HSV Meds)?
Encephalitis (IV Acyclovir)
Shingles (PO Acyclovir)
Client teaching w/ -cyclovir (HSV Meds)
- earlier the better (tingling an early sign)
- not a cure (still contagious)
- drink plenty of fluids
Most flu is Influenza A or Influenza B?
Influenza A (96%)
How long does it take the flu vaccine to be effective?
1-2 weeks
How long does the flu vaccine last?
~ 6 months
~4 months for elderly
What percentage of flu vaccines cause the flu?
None.
They do not cause the flu
What was the influenza medication we discussed?
oseltamivir
- gotta be > 1 yr old
MOA: Oseltamivir (Flu Med)
Enzyme neuraminidase is needed for viral cell to exit host cell
Oseltamivir inhibits this enzyme, thus the virus cannot exit the cell
What is the problem w/ oseltamivir as a flu medication?
If it’s not taken within 48 hours, doesn’t work.
We typically don’t go to the doctor within 48 hours.
Is Oseltamivir good at treating the flu?
If taken within 48 hours, it does well at decreasing duration of symptoms
Also is effective at preventing flu, but NOT as effective as FLU VACCINE
What is the importance of being well hydrated if taking -cyclovir (HSV Meds)?
Has a hard time dissolving and will crystallize in the kidneys
Is osetlamivir a good substitute for the Flu Vaccine as a prophylactic medication?
NO, flu vaccine works better for prophylactic use and is cheaper
