Test 3 - Basic Principles of Antimicrobials (Josh) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Test 3 - Basic Principles of Antimicrobials (Josh) Deck (22)
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1
Q

Bactericidal

A

directly lethal to bacteria at clinically achievable concentrations

2
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

Slows bacterial growth, but does not cause death

3
Q

Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial

A

Active against a wide variety of microbes (‘throwing a grenade’)

4
Q

Narrow Spectrum Antimicrobial

A

Active against only a few species of microbes (‘sniper rifle’)

5
Q

Empiric Therapy

A

Educated guess based off evidence (what we base initial therapy off of)

6
Q

What color is gram positive bacteria?

A

Dark purple

7
Q

What color is gram negative bacteria?

A

Pink

8
Q

Use of antibiotics promotes the emergence of —– microbes.

A

Drug-resistent

9
Q

What is a superinfection?

A

A NEW infection that appears during the course of treatment for a primary infection

Due to the antibiotic eliminating the inhibitory influence of normal flora

10
Q

Why would a nurse temporarily postpone administering an antibiotic?

A

If they have not taken the BLOOD CULTURE yet

Do this always before you treat, or the blood work will not give back accurate results

11
Q

What instances would warrant prophylactic use of antibiotics?

A

NERS (antbiotic NERSing care)

  • Neutrogena
  • Endocarditis
  • Recurrent UTIs
  • Surgery
12
Q

Which antibiotic is especially good to use prophylactically for surgery?

A

cephalosporin

13
Q

What is Bacterial Endocarditis?

A

Bacterial inflammation of heart valves

The valves can act like sponges for bacterial growth, especially w/ valvular disease of prosthetic valves

14
Q

What is Neutropenia?

A

Abnormally low concentration of neutrophils

Can take an antibiotic every day prophylactically to assist the weakened immune system in fighting off infection

15
Q

What are some examples of antibiotic misuse?

A
  • Viral infections (don’t respond to Antibiotics, they’re VIRUSES)
  • Fever of unknown origin (fever is a sign of more things than just infection)
  • Improper dosage
  • Treatment w/out adequate bacteriologic information
  • Omission of surgical drainage (should always be performed to promote antibacterial effects)
16
Q

When would you use a broad-spectrum antibiotic?

A

When the bacteria is of unknown origin

17
Q

What is the fear w/ broad-spectrum antibiotics?

A

They can kill the normal flora of the human body

18
Q

What is the General Approach to Antibiotic Therapy?

A

1) Suspect an infection
2) Culture the Site
3) Begin Empiric Therapy (based on best guess)
4) Gram Stain
5) Identify the bacteria
6) Change to Definitive Therapy (based on positive ID of bacterial agent)

19
Q

What should we always do before beginning antibiotic therapy?

A

CULTURE the site

20
Q

What percentage of antibiotic use is prophylactic?

A

30-50%

21
Q

Why would someone with heart disease take an antibiotic before dental surgery?

A

Because bacteria from the mouth can enter the bloodstream

Remember, surgery is one of the most common times an antibiotic would be used prophylactically

22
Q

What is our term for ‘Narrow-Spectrum’ therapy?

A

Match the drug w/ the bug