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Pharm II > Test 3 - UTIs (Josh) > Flashcards

Test 3 - UTIs (Josh) Flashcards

1
Q

—— is a lower UTI that occurs most often in women of child-bearing age.

A

Acute Cystisis

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2
Q

Clinical manifestations of Acute Cystisis

A
  • Dysuria
  • Urinary urgency
  • Urinary frequency
  • Suprapubic discomfort
  • Pyuria
  • Bacteriuria
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3
Q

30% of women w/ Acute Cystisis also have asymptomatic —— UTI

A

Upper (ie: subclinical pyelonephritis)

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4
Q

What is treatment regimen for Acute Cystisis?

A

nitrofurantoin for 5 days

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5
Q

What are the principle causative organsims of Acut Cystisis?

A

E. Coli
Staph
saprophyticus
Enterococcus faecalis

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6
Q

—- is a UTI infection of the kidneys and is common in young children, older adults, and women of child-bearing age.

A

Acute Uncomplicated Pyelonephritis

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7
Q

—- is the causative agent of Acute Uncomplicated Pyelonephritis.

A

E. coli

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8
Q

Clinical manifestations of Acute Uncomplicated Pyelonephritis

A
  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Severe flank pain
  • dysuria
  • polyuria
  • urinary urgency
  • pyuria
  • bacteriuria
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9
Q

Treatment for Acute Uncomplicated PYelonephritis

A

Oral antibiotics for 14 days

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10
Q

—– is a UTI characterized by a structural/functional abnormality of the urinary tract that predisposes them to developing an infection.

A

Complicated UTI

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11
Q

Examples of predisposing factors that cause a complicated UTI

A
  • Prostatic Hypertrophy
  • Renal Calculi (stones)
  • Nephrocalcinosis
  • Renal/Bladder Tumors
  • Uretic Stricture
  • Indwelling urinary catheter

Essentially anything that can block/restrict flow

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12
Q

Complicated UTI treatment

A

to be successful, organisms must be identified

(that’s why it’s complicated)

remember: CULTURE BEFORE EMPIRIC THERAPY

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13
Q

—– is a UTI that results from a relapse or from a reinfection.

A

Recurrent UTI

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14
Q

Difference b/t Relapse and Reinfection

A

RELAPSE is caused by recolonization w/ same organism

REINFECTION is caused by recolonization w/ new organism

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15
Q

More than 80% of Recurrent UTIs in females are due to —–

A

reinfection (recolonization w/ new organism)

  • usually involve lower urinary tract
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16
Q

Infrequent reinfections (1-2 a year) can be treated as —-

A

separate infections

17
Q

When reinfections are frequent (3+ a year) —— treatment is necessary.

A

prophylactic

18
Q

20% of Recurrent UTIs are due to —-

A

relapse (recolonization w/ same organism)

19
Q

—– is a UTI characterized by inflammation of the prostate from a local bacterial infection.

A

Acute Bacterial Prostatitis

20
Q

Clinical manifestations of Acute Bacterial Prostatitis

A
  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Malaise
  • Myalgia
  • Localized pain
  • various UTI symptoms
21
Q

Types of UTIs

A

1) Acute Cystitis
2) Acute Uncomplicated Pyelonephritis
3) Complicated UTIs
4) Recurrent UTIs
5) Acute Bacterial Prostatitis

22
Q

What was our prototype drug for UTIs?

A

nitrofurantoin

23
Q

MOA: Nitrofurantoin

A

harmless outside of the bacteria but once it’s absorbed, it is converted into a reactive intermediary that destroys the bacteria from the inside

Like a Trojan Horse

24
Q

Which type of UTIs are nitrofurantoin useful for?

A

Uncomplicated UTIs

Also for Acute Cystitis and prophylactic use

25
Q

Who is Nitrofurantoin contraindicated for?

A

Renal Impairment

  • it is really excreted and can build up to dangerous levels (toxicity)
  • doesn’t make it past kidneys into urinary tract
26
Q

Which side effects would warrant discontinuing Nitrofurantoin?

A 
Jaundice
Anorexia
Upper abdominal pain
N/V
Dark colored urine
Increased need to sleep
Clay covered stool
Encephalitis & Eccimosis (bruising)
27
Q

Teaching for Nitrofurantoin?

A
  • Take w/ food (increases absorption by 40%)
  • may discolor the urine (brown) (harmless)

Since it discolor urine, we need to look for other JAUNDICE signs instead of Dark colored urine

28
Q

Adverse effects of Nitrofurantoin

A
  • Liver Failure (JAUNDICE)
  • Optic Neurotics (vision issues)
  • Peripheral Neuropathy (tingling an early sign)
  • Lung fibrosis (difficulty breathing)
  • Hemolytic Anemia (SOB due to no O2)

Pharm II (37 decks)

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