Hepatitis

Question 1

______-a clinical syndrome characterized by inflammation of the liver

Answer 1

Hepatitis

Question 2

______ cell death releases bilirubin, which causes jaundice (Hepatitis)

Answer 2

hepatocyte

Question 3

______ is a biproduct of heme metabolism in the liver (where heme is detoxified)

Answer 3

bilirubin

Question 4

_______ viruses have a strong tropism for the liver and preferentially replicate in the hepatocyte;
85% of liver cells are hepatocytes
Therefore these viruses primarily cause liver disease

Answer 4

Hepatitis

Question 5

Hepatitis viruses have a strong tropism for the liver and preferentially replicate in the _______

Answer 5

hepatocyte

Question 6

______ hepatitis (A and E)
Hit and run
Fecal-oral

Answer 6

Infectious hepatitis

Question 7

Which forms of hepatitis are categorized as Infectious hepatitis?

Answer 7

A and E

Question 8

Which forms of hepatitis are categorized as serum hepatitis?

Answer 8

B,C, and D

Question 9

______ hepatitis (B,C, and D)
Hide and infiltrate
Blood & sexual fluids

Answer 9

Serum hepatitis

Question 10

linear + ssRNA
picornaviridae
–icosahedral, naked capsid virus
–positive strand linear RNA
--spread by fecal-oral contamination of food, drink, or shellfish

Answer 10

Hep A

Question 11

_____ virus is shed into bile ducts and into intestine and passes out of the body in the feces; directly kills hepatocytes

Answer 11

HAV, and HEV

Question 12

•clinical manifestations of ____ virus:
–usually mild intestinal infection
–occasionally viremia occurs, leading to liver infection
•jaundice
Treated via vacc and post-exposure immune globulin

Answer 12

HAV

Question 13

Which virus?
In highly endemic regions, almost all children become infected in first few years of life-most remain asymptomatic
-adults from nonendemic regions who become infected are more likely to display symptoms

Answer 13

HAV

Question 14

nicked circular mostly dsDNA
hepadnaviridae
Enveloped
Smallest viral genome:  3200 nucleotides
•3 distinct viral particles

Answer 14

Hepatitis B

Question 15

What are the 3 distinct viral particles of Hep B?

Answer 15

–22 nm particle
–Variable tubular/filamentous particle (22 nm diameter)
–42 nm Dane particle (infective form of virus)

Question 16

Which Hep B surface antigen is the main component?

Answer 16

HBsAg-S

Question 17

RT occurs during viral assembly, unlike retroviruses
Reverse transcription is by viral reverse transcriptase
Transcription is by hostRNA polymerase

Answer 17

HBV

Question 18

______ is a processed form of the core, HBcAg.

is mostly secreted from infected cells and found in bloodstream. Useful marker for HBV infection.

Answer 18

HBeAg

Question 19

Both types of _____ particles are empty envelopes. Most are spherical.Up to 1013particles per mL!

Answer 19

22 nm

Question 20

Priming of reverse transcription by ______ of viral polymerase by adding first nucleotide to a tyrosine residue of it

Answer 20

TP (terminal protein domain)

Question 21

_______ immune response determines course of HBV infection

Answer 21

Cell-mediated

Question 22

______ lymphocytes kill infected hepatocytes

Answer 22

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Question 23

HBV does not directly kill hepatocytes
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ directed against MHC class I proteins bound to viral antigens on hepatocyte surface

Answer 23

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Question 24

Killing of hepatocytes also occurs by _____ release that promotes inflammation and tissue damage

Answer 24

cytokine

Question 25

_____ % infants infected with HBV become chronically infected; immature cell-mediated immune response

Answer 25

90%

Question 26

________ :increased cell division due to regeneration -increases chances of mutations peroxides and free radicals from CTL killing

Answer 26

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 27

–vaccination recommended for all infants in USA –HBsAg particles produced in yeast –passive immunotherapy within 7 days of exposure –reverse transcriptase inhibitors (originally anti-HIV drugs)

Answer 27

HBV

Question 28

Hep _____ Circular -ssRNA deltaviridae –Depends on HBV virus to replicate

Answer 28

Hepatitis D

Question 29

Chronic HBV infection exacerbated by infection with ________

Answer 29

hepatitis delta virus

Question 30

Hep ______ linear + ssRNA flaviviridae enveloped•In addition to transmission through blood and sexual fluid, also spreads from mother to fetus, by fecal-oral route, and through organ transplants

Answer 30

Hepatitis C

Question 31

``` _____ also does not directly kill hepatocytes Cytotoxic T lymphocytes directed against MHC class I proteins bound to viral antigens on hepatocyte surface Killing also occurs by cytokine release that promotes inflammation and tissue damage ```

Answer 31

HCV

Question 32

_______: immune complex disease of kidney and other sites-disease outside of liver Inflammation and blockage of small and medium blood vessels caused by cryoglobulin deposition (HCV)

Answer 32

Mixed cryoglobulinemia

Question 33

Are most cases of HBV lead to recovery or persistent infection?

Answer 33

Recovery

Question 34

Are most cases of HCV lead to recovery or persistent infection?

Answer 34

Persistent infection

Question 35

Hep _____ linear + ssRNA caliciviridae Not budding; released as and naked capsid virus

Answer 35

Hepatitis E

Question 36

* spread in contaminated food and drink (like HAV) | * human-to human transmission and animal-to-human transmission (common source = pigs) (zoonosis).

Answer 36

HEV

Question 37

____ shed into bile ducts and into intestine and passes out of the body in the feces -directly kills hepatocyte

Answer 37

HEV, and HAV