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Enteric Bacteria Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Enteric bacteria is what shape and gram stain?

A

Gram - bacilli

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2
Q

Are enteric bacteria members in animal or human flora?

A

Both

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3
Q

_______ bacteria:
Some are members of commensal groups that have become pathogenic due to acquired virulence factors like toxins from plasmids, bacteriophages or “pathogenicity islands”

A

Enteric bacteria

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4
Q

Most can be motile with peritrichous flagella (H-antigen)

A

Enteric bacteria

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5
Q

Most have surface pili: fimbriae for adherence and sex pili for plasmid conjugation

A

Enteric bacteria

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6
Q

Do Some species of enteric bacteria have capsules?

A

Yes

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7
Q

All enteric bacteria have outer-membrane ______ with enterobacterial common antigen and serotype-specific O-antigen

A

LPS(heat-stable endotoxin)

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8
Q

All enteric bacteria have outer-membrane LPS(heat-stable endotoxin) with _______ and ________

A

enterobacterial common antigen and serotype-specific O-antigen

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9
Q

When bacteria have a toxin like cholera toxin, you get _____ diarrhea

A

watery diarrhea

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10
Q

When also have a toxin like Shiga toxin, you get _____ in diarrhea

A

blood in diarrhea

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11
Q

When also have inflammation and neutrophils:get _____ in diarrhea = dysentery

A

pus in diarrhea

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12
Q

____ bacteria:

Transmission:•person-to-person•“seven F’s”= feces, food, fluids, fingers, flies, fomites, and fornication

A

Enteric bacteria

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13
Q

What are the 7 F’s seen in transmission of enteric bacteria?

A 
feces
food, 
fluids, 
fingers, 
flies, 
fomites,
fornication
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14
Q

LPS Outer-and inner-core sugars are the _____ antigen

A

enterobacterial common antigen

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15
Q

_____ is also known as the heat-stable enterotoxin

A

LPS

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16
Q

________ = chromosomal location with multiple virulence factors and toxin genes, readily transferable together by conjugation.Example: uro-pathogenic E.coli

A

pathogenicity island

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17
Q

_______: is present in many bacteria like Yersinia, Salmonella, Shigella, enteropathogenic EPEC (E.coli); also present in other species like Pseudomonas and Chlamydia): 20-protein system that looks like a short, hollow flagellum (“needle”) to inject a variety of species-specific toxins into host cells

A

Type III secretion system

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18
Q

Translocated intimin receptor and intimin are transmitted via ___________

A

Type III secretion system

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19
Q

_____ and _______ are transmitted via Type III secretion system

A

Translocated intimin receptor and intimin

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20
Q

_______ Transmission:
•person-to-person
•contaminated food
•human and animal feces(no hand washing; insect vectors)

A

E. Coli

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21
Q

The following virulence are characteristic of _______:
Heat-labile enterotoxin LT
Shiga toxin

A

E. Coli

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22
Q

_______: ADP-ribosylation of G protein ►cAMP ­►loss of water + electrolytes ►watery diarrhea (e.g. foodborne enterotoxigenic ETEC E.coli) Traveller’s diarrhea (E. Coli)

A

heat-labile enterotoxin “LT”(cholera-like AB-exotoxin)

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23
Q

_______: inactivation of 60S ribosome subunit by removal of a specific adenine base from a nucleotide of 28S rRNA ►stop translation ►cell death ►bloody diarrhea (e.g. foodborne enterohemorrhagic EHEC E.coliO157:H7)In addition:►hemolytic uremic syndrome ►kidney damage (E. Coli)

A

Shiga toxin(AB-exotoxin cytotoxin)

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24
Q

In _______ this set of symptoms “diarrhea with blood”is combined with intestinal cell invasion, apoptosis and neutrophilia (►“pus”)to define “dysentery”.

Study These Flashcards
A

Shigella dysenteriae

25
_____ E. Coli, the clinical signs are bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome - Treatment: replenish fluids (antibiotics are contraindicated)
EHEC (O157:H7)
26
_____ E. Coli, the clinical signs are cystitis; 70-90% E.coli
UroPathogenic
27
_____ are taken up by M cells and transported beneath the epithelium. (Shigella dysenteriae)
Shigella
28
_____ take up shigellas, die and release the bacteria replenish fluids (Shigella dysenteriae)
Macrophages
29
The bacteria enter the inferior and lateral (apical) aspects of the epithelial cells by inducing ________ (Shigella dysenteriae)
endocytosis
30
The endosomes are quickly lysed leaving the Shigellas free in the ______ (Shigella dysenteriae)
cytoplasm
31
_______ filaments quickly form a tail pushing the shigellas into the next cell (Shigella dysenteriae)
Actin filaments
32
Shigellas multiply in the ____ and the infection extends to the next cell (Shigella dysenteriae)
cytoplasm
33
Infected cells die and slough off. Intesen response of acute inflammatory cells (neutrophils), bleeding and abscess formation induces ______ (Shigella dysenteriae)
Apoptosis
34
The following virulence factors are characteristic of _______: Shiga toxin Cell invasion
(Shigella dysenteriae)
35
Transmission of ______ is via fecal-oral route; sometimes by fecally contaminated food or water; humans generally the only source
(Shigella dysenteriae)
36
_______ causes enteric fever, human reservoir, typhoid, and high mortality; typically poultry reservoir
Salmonella
37
The following virulence factors are characteristic of _______: ØType III secretion induces enteric epithelial uptake via M cells Øintracellular endosome growth in macrophages: secretes protein that prevents phagosome-lysosome fusion -in S.typhi serovars: Øthrough macrophages: invasive into different tissues and organs Ødestruction of Peyer’s Patches ►intestinal rupture
Salmonella
38
Is salmonella acid labile or acid resistant?
Acid labile
39
* M cell uptake through ruffles: transport through epithelial layer. * Electrolyte release to lumen (diarrhea/gastroenteritis). * Release of inflammatory exudate. * Transport to lymph nodes / transient bacteremia
Salmonella
40
_____ is seen by the following symptoms: - Diarrhea , hemorrhage, and perforation of small intestine - Cholecystitis of gall bladder - Fever, and other affection of organs via speticemia
Typhoid fever
41
Typhoid fever is carried in what organ?
Gallbladder
42
What is gram stain and shape of Vibrio cholerae?
Gram - vibrio
43
Gram− vibrio(curved rods) (salt tolerant)found in estuaries and marine environments (e.g. in crabs)
Vibrio cholerae
44
The following virulence factors are characteristic of _______: Øtoxin co-regulated pilus (tcp) Øcholera toxin(heat-labile exotoxin “LT”) Øan additional toxin “ST” Neuraminidase
Vibrio cholerae
45
_____ is a virulence factor used in adhesion to small intestinal epithelia (Vibrio cholerae) (toxin is phage CTXφ-encoded and regulated by pilin-regulating chromosomal gene)
Øtoxin co-regulated pilus (tcp)
46
_____ is a virulence factor: protein A causes cAMP rise + watery diarrhea (Vibrio cholerae)
cholera toxin(heat-labile exotoxin “LT”)
47
_____ is a virulence factor used to increase cholera toxin binding (Vibrio cholerae)
Neuraminidase
48
____ production is induced within the intestine, while production in other environments appears to be minimal (Vibrio cholerae)
TCP
49
_____ and ____ encode the proteins that comprise cholera toxin (Vibrio cholerae)
ctxA and ctxB
50
What strain of cholera is the common epidemic strain?
Serovar O1
51
What strain of cholera is the newer strain?
Serovar O139 with Capsule
52
Is there a cholera vaccine?
Yes
53
What is the common prevention of cholerae?
chlorination of water
54
_______: disease is self-limiting as intestinal cells with surface bacteria are shed
Cholera
55
The epidemiology of ______ is fecal transmission in developing countries under-cooked coastal crabs
Cholera
56
___ bacteria is more commonly causes gastroenteritis than E coli and salmonella
Campylobacter jejune
57
Zoonosis: animal reservoir (intestinal) Transmission: contaminated food (poultry, milk)(e.g. in >89% of raw chicken) Disease: gastroenteritis, diarrhea, dysentery Disease resolves without treatment in <1 week -Creates protective immunity
Campylobacter jejune
58
Growth in intestinal tract: §invade intestinal epithelial cells or grow below epithelial layer. §inflammatory response
Campylobacter jejune

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