Parasite's Way of life

Question 1

What are the 6 ways a parasite works to maintain vitality?

Answer 1

1. Surface colonization
2. Finding a nutritionally compatible niche
3. Surviving host defenses
4. Intracellular life
5. Subverting host immune responses
6. Transmission to a new host

Question 2

Preference of bacteria for particular locations in body bacteria vary in specificity = tissue tropism

Answer 2

Surface colonization

Question 3

Surface colonization is associated with ______ on bacterium

Answer 3

Adhesins

Question 4

Surface colonization is associated with ______ on host cell

Answer 4

Receptors

Question 5

On gram _____ bacteria, bacterial proteins on the tips of fimbriae and/or pili often interact with glycolipids and/or glycoproteins of host epithelial cells

Answer 5

Negative

Question 6

On gram neg bacteria, bacterial proteins on the tips of _____ and/or ____ often interact with glycolipids and/or glycoproteins of host epithelial cells

Answer 6

fimbriae and/or pili

Question 7

On gram neg bacteria, bacterial proteins on the tips of fimbriae and/or pili often interact with _____ and/or ____ of host epithelial cells

Answer 7

glycolipids and/or glycoproteins

Question 8

(gram neg) _______ (bacterial proteins at the the cell surface) interact with their own translocated intimin receptor (TIR)

Answer 8

Intimins

Question 9

gram-_______ bacteria (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus)often bind host fibronectin(epithelial cells), which binds to integrins

Answer 9

gram positive

Question 10

gram-positive bacteria (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus)often bind host fibronectin(epithelial cells), which binds to ______

Answer 10

integrins

Question 11

gram-positive bacteria (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus)often bind host _______ (epithelial cells), which binds to integrins

Answer 11

fibronectin

Question 12

___________ = subclass of a large family of bacterial adhesins referred to as Microbial Surface Components Recognizing Adhesive Matrix Molecules or MSCRAMMS

Answer 12

fibronectin binding proteins

Question 13

fibronectin binding proteins = subclass of a large family of bacterial adhesins referred to as ___________

Answer 13

Microbial Surface Components Recognizing Adhesive Matrix Molecules or MSCRAMMS

Question 14

Besides fibronectin, what are the 2 other MSCRAMM targets?

Answer 14

Fibrinogen and collagen

Question 15

many individuals in poor health are ______ deficient

-balance shifts in favors of gram negatives e.g. greater incidence of pneumonias caused by gram-negative bacteria

Answer 15

fibronectin-deficient

Question 16

(= bacterial adhesins) contain a domain of hundreds of alternating serine residues
-Extend a unique non-repeat (NR) domain that mediates adhesion

Answer 16

serine rich repeat proteins (SRRPs)

Question 17

______ domain binds sialic acid moieties, keratin, and other domains of a similar SRRP

Answer 17

NR (non repeat domains)

Question 18

Way a parasite works to maintain vitality?

• Intermittent availability of food for some bacteria e.g. intestinal bacteria
• Adaptation to particular location

Answer 18

Finding a nutritionally compatible niche

Question 19

____ is an opsonin and part of C3 convertase (alt. pathway) and C5 convertase

Answer 19

C3b

Question 20

Which complement pathway deals with antibodies?

Answer 20

Classical pathways

Question 21

____ production in surviving host defenses decreases neutrophil aggregation

Answer 21

C5a peptidase

Question 22

__________: (part of surviving host defenses)
inhibiting phagocyte recruitment and function
-C5a peptidase production (see figure)
-Increasing cAMP to inhibitory levels

Answer 22

Subverting phagocytosis

Question 23

_______: enzymes that; compromises internal membrane structure that kills phagocytes

Answer 23

Leukocidins

Question 24

_______: (Staphylococci and Streptococci)

• expressed on bacterial cell surface
• binds Fc portion of IgG (wrong end)
• these bound antibodies cannot act as opsonins

Answer 24

protein A

Question 25

Surviving inside _________ includes: -inhibit lysosomal fusion with phagosome -escape into the cytoplasm(form pores in phagosome) -resist lysosomal enzymes -inhibit phagocyte’s oxidative pathway (respiratory burst)

Answer 25

surviving inside phagocytes

Question 26

Penetration of ______ host cells: -Some bacteria enter host cells by stimulating host cell membrane protrusion

Answer 26

nonphagocytic

Question 27

_______: (bacterial proteins at the the cell surface) interact with host E-cadherin

Answer 27

internalins

Question 28

internalins(bacterial proteins at the the cell surface) interact with host ________

Answer 28

E-cadherin

Question 29

______ (bacterial proteins at the the cell surface) interact with host integrins

Answer 29

invasins

Question 30

invasins(bacterial proteins at the the cell surface) interact with host _______

Answer 30

integrins

Question 31

Parasites intracellularly is dependent upon ______ for motility and spread intracellularly

Answer 31

Actin

Question 32

What are the 4 ways parasites subvert immune responses?

Answer 32

immunosuppression superantigens (diverting lymphocyte function) changing antigenic coats proteolysis of antibodies

Question 33

_______ subvert the immune response by changing the specificity of T cell activation process

Answer 33

Superantigens

Question 34

Superantigens subvert the immune response by changing the specificity of ______ activation process

Answer 34

T cell

Question 35

Transmission to a new host happens via what 3 ways?

Answer 35

Sneezing/coughing Diarrhea Insects