Streptococcus

Question 1

T/F: Streptococcus is a gram + bacteria

Answer 1

true

Question 2

Streptococcus pyogenes _____ -forming

Answer 2

pus

Question 3

Some streptococci are typically seen as diplo-cocci: _____ _____.

Answer 3

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 4

_-______on blood-agar plates causes clearing at and around colonies in Streptococcus pyogenes.

Answer 4

B-hemolysis

beta

Question 5

_-_______ shows greening due to partial lysis of erythrocytes in S.mitis and S.pneumoniae.

Answer 5

a-hemolysis

alpha

Question 6

a-hemolysis (alpha) is associated with what two bacteria?

Answer 6

S.mitis and

S.pneumoniae

Question 7

B-hemolysis (beta) is associated with what bacteria?

Answer 7

Streptococcus pyogenes.

Question 8

_______ degrades hemoglobin turning it to a green hue.

Answer 8

pneumolysin

Question 9

Green color sheen has given the name ______ to many α- hemolytic Streptococci like the caries-causing: S.mutans, S.mitis, S.salivarius, S.sanguis

Answer 9

viridens

Question 10

What two Streptococcal classification groups perform hemolysis?

Answer 10

Group A ( S.pyogenes)

group B ( S.galactiae)

Question 11

M protein - cell wall component, >100 serotypes, membrane- anchored: is an important virulence factor

• anti-M antibodies prevent infection of S.pyogenes but many serotypes. So protective immunity is type-specific
• M protein binds keratinocytes, the main cell type in outer skin layer.

• M protein binds fibrinogen, blocking surface from complement system
components
• M protein binds complement control proteins
• Inhibits formation of
opsonins by complement
cascade

Answer 11

Virulence factors of Streptococcal bacteria ???? (couldn’t find if this was the broad category or a specific type of Streptococcal bacteria.)

Question 12

_______ : antibodies are ineffective against glycocalyx-covered surface antigens

Answer 12

capsule

Question 13

_______ also shows adhesion for fibronectin and strong adhesion to keratinocytes (skin)

Answer 13

M Protein

Question 14

M protein anti-complement action through _____ _.

Answer 14

Factor H

Question 15

Capsular ___ _______ destroys opsonizing C3b complement opsonization

Answer 15

C3 peptidase

Question 16

__ _____: (cell surface) binds Fc of IgG, preventing phagocytosis based on FcReceptors

Answer 16

G protein

Question 17

_____ ________ cleaves the complement componenet into inactive fragments

Answer 17

C3b peptidase

Question 18

C5a peptidase are seen in ____ _ Streptococci

Answer 18

Group A

Question 19

Inactive complement cehmotoxin ___ activate surface of plasminogen to plasmin and cleave of C3b.

Answer 19

C5a

Question 20

What is an example of a membrane-damaging toxin disease?

Answer 20

streptococcus pyogenes

Question 21

What is the name of the toxin released by streptococcus pyogenes?

Answer 21

streptolysin O

Question 22

What is characteristic of a disease caused by streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 22

accumulation of pus

Question 23

What is the mechanism of a disease caused by streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 23

inserts into memebranes, forming pores that allow fluids to enter.

Question 24

lysis of erythrocytes (direct lysis; basis of β-hemolysis) and
of phagocyte lysosomal membranes (indirect lysis of leukocytes)

Answer 24

streptolysins S, O:

Question 25

Overrides the specificity of the T-cell response

Answer 25

Superantigens

Question 26

Which bacteria is an example of a superantigen in certain strains?

Answer 26

streptococcus pyogenes

Question 27

What is the name of the disease caused by streptococcus pyogenes superantigens?

Answer 27

streptococcal toxic shock

Question 28

What is the name of the toxins that cause disease beacue of streptococcus pyogenes superantigens?

Answer 28

streptocoocal pyogenic exotoxins

Question 29

Scarlet fever

Answer 29

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 30

What is the virulence factor of scarlet fever?

Answer 30

Virulence factor: a superantigen SPE | Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxins

Question 31

skin infections of the face arms and legs.

Answer 31

Pyoderma (impetigo)

Question 32

red skin

Answer 32

erysipelas

Question 33

bullae

Answer 33

blister

Question 34

_____ ______ can Progress to deep, systemic infection leads to multi-organ failure and death.

Answer 34

streptococcal gangrene

Question 35

What is result of streptococcal gangrene?

Answer 35

necrotizing fasciitis

Question 36

Acute Pharyngitis

Answer 36

strep throat

Question 37

What are two serious results of Acute Pharyngitis?

Answer 37

glomerulonephritis rheumatic fever

Question 38

rheumatic fever is caused by what type of sensitivity?

Answer 38

type II

Question 39

glomerulonephritis is caused by what type of sensitivity?

Answer 39

type III

Question 40

Acute rheumatic fever can cause what two things?

Answer 40

myocarditis and arthritis

Question 41

``` non-suppurative sequela with some strains • <10% of population is susceptible • fever is non-responsive to penicillin because disease is autoimmune • high frequency of reoccurrence ```

Answer 41

Acute Rheumatic Fever:

Question 42

Group B, β-hemolytic (<2% non-hemolytic), chain-like growth, aerobic, polysaccharide capsule Normal occurrence in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Does not cause disease in healthy people * pneumonia in neonates (neonates: <7 days of birth) * bacteremia and meningitis (neonates: >7 days of birth) * urinary infections, bacteremia (pregnant women) Neutralizing antibodies against group B polysaccharide Ag develop quickly and protect. (maternal Ab s prevent infection of neonate)

Answer 42

Streptococcus agalactiae

Question 43

T/F: enterococcus Faecalis is a gram + bacteria.

Answer 43

true

Question 44

___ ____ possesses high, multiple antibiotic resistances (plasmid and chromosomal)*

Answer 44

enterococcus Faecalis

Question 45

_____ _____ mostly effects the elderly with long hospitalizations. (high nosocomial risk antibiotic resistance)

Answer 45

enterococcus Faecalis

Question 46

α-hemolytic Gram+ diplococci

Answer 46

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 47

for ______ _______ Only encapsulated strains ( smooth colonies) are virulent

Answer 47

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 48

high carrier rates for S. Pneumoniae capsular vaccine available

Answer 48

pneumococcal Pneumonia

Question 49

an enterobacterium often resistant to antibiotics fatal nosocomial pneumonias no vaccine available

Answer 49

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 50

no vaccine available

Answer 50

Mycoplasmal Pneumonia

Question 51

virulence factors for ____ _____ include alpha-hemolysis capsule secretory IgA proteases

Answer 51

S.pneumoniae virulence factors

Question 52

Streptococcal pneumoniae can lead to_____

Answer 52

meningitis