Fungi 1

Question 1

Eukaryotes
Spore-forming
No chlorophyll

Answer 1

Fungi

Question 2

What are the oxygen requirement of must fungi?

Answer 2

Aerobic

Question 3

Cell walls of fungi usually contain ______ -polysaccharide containingN-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG)

Answer 3

chitin

Question 4

\_\_\_\_\_\_ growth form of fungi:
threadlike filaments =hyphae
mycelium = mass of hyphae
septate vs. coenocytichyphae (with and without crosswalls)
grow by extension of tip and branching

Answer 4

Filamentous

Question 5

______ growth form of fungi:
single cells (ovoid or spherical)
reproduce asexually by cell division (budding)
sexually by cell fusion and spore formation

Answer 5

2. unicellular (yeasts

Question 6

_____ reproduction includes cell division budding/ transverse division as well as spore formation

Answer 6

Asexual reproduction

Question 7

_____ reproduction of fungi involves production of“sexual spores”by meiosis of a diploid cell

Answer 7

sexual reproduction

Question 8

_______:form producing asexualspores,often mold-like growth form

Answer 8

Anamorph

Question 9

________: form producing sexualspores,typically a fruiting body

Answer 9

Teleomorph

Question 10

_______ -ability to grow as yeast form or mold form

Answer 10

dimorphism

Question 11

many pathogenic fungi are _____

Answer 11

dimorphic

Question 12

Which fungi is mentioned as being able to live in and outside of the body?

Answer 12

Candida

Question 13

______ actually forms pseudohyphae and pseudomycelia

Answer 13

Candida

Question 14

-hyphal growth is a modified budding where newly budded cells remain attached to mother cell

Answer 14

pseudohyphae

Question 15

some pathogenic fungi are not dimorphic including what 2 fungi?

Answer 15

Aspergillus-mold from only

Cryptococcusneoformans-yeast form only

Question 16

______-fungal infections

Classified by affected area of body

Answer 16

Mycoses

Question 17

Primary mechanisms for fighting fungi is:

Answer 17

:Neutrophil phagocytosis and killing T cell-mediated immunity

Question 18

keratinized outer layers of skin, hair, and nails
Mild infections/minimal inflammatory response
Easy to treat or clears without treatment
most occur in tropics
Include Piedras and Tineas

Answer 18

Superficial mycoses

Question 19

: infections of hair shaft

-Trichosporon beigelii

Answer 19

Piedras

Question 20

infections involving outer layers of skin, nails, and hair
Malassezia furfur (skin)Pityriasis versicolor

Answer 20

Tineas

Question 21

Disease found worldwide
Pigmented macules -not elevated but altered color
Human-to-human transmission

Answer 21

Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor

Question 22

What is the agent of Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor?

Answer 22

(Malassezia furfur)

Question 23

_______:
keratinized outer layers of skin, hair, and nailsSkin infections: no invasion beyond stratum corneum (outermost layer of epidermis)
BUT a more apparent host response is elicited (unlike superficial mycoses)
Person-to person transmission
Some are soil organisms
Others are zoonoses
Diagnosis by microscopy of samples

Answer 23

Cutaneous mycoses

Question 24

The following are classified as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
Microsporum
Trichophyton
Epidermophyton
Keratinophilic and keratinolytic

Answer 24

“Dermaphytes”`

Question 25

``` Cause tineas (”ringworm") Tinea pedis = athlete's foot Tinea cruris = jock itch Characterized by inflammation ring of inflammatory scaling ```

Answer 25

Cutaneous mycoses

Question 26

_______ dermis and subcutaneous tissue Do not respond well to antifungal chemotherapy Need to excise

Answer 26

Subcutaneous mycoses

Question 27

Sporothrix schenkii Thorns and splinters Responds to oral potassium iodide (Subcutaneous mycoses)

Answer 27

Sporotrichosis

Question 28

:invade internal organs caused by endemic dimorphic fungal pathogens

Answer 28

Systemic mycoses

Question 29

-organism living on dead or decaying matter

Answer 29

saprobe

Question 30

Histoplasma capsulatum is the agent of _________

Answer 30

Histoplasmosis

Question 31

Blastomyces dermatitidis the agent of _________

Answer 31

Blastomycosisis

Question 32

Coccidioides immitis is the agent of _________

Answer 32

Coccidioidomycosis

Question 33

Bird or bat droppings (high nitrogen content) | Acquire fungus by inhalation of conidia

Answer 33

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 34

Organism remains viable within macrophages modulate pH of phagolysosome Antibody plays no role in resolution Cell-mediated immune system of CD4 T lymphocytes and activated macrophages are important for immunity Primary infections most often asymptomatic Granulomas develop in lung with caseous necrosis (plus calcification) reactivation infection can occur years later 3-12 months of antifungal agent

Answer 34

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 35

Coccidioidomycosis: what is the yeast form of this?

Answer 35

Spherule

Question 36

Found in decaying matter (e.g leave litter) | Acquire fungus by inhalation of conidia

Answer 36

Blastomyces dermatiditis

Question 37

Cell-mediated immune system of CD4 T lymphocytes and activated macrophages are important for immunity Primary infections symptomatic in <50% of patients Granulomas develop with caseous necrosis (plus calcification)reactivation infection can occur years later Cutaneous lesions are a hallmark of disease heaped up borders and small, central microabscesses Diagnosis: histopathological examination (thick-walled yeasts with single broad-based bud) Treatment; 6-12 months of antifungal agent

Answer 37

Blastomyces dermatiditis

Question 38

Southwestern USA = lower Sonoran life zone Huge “blooms” Lung is primary target but the fungus spreads through the circulatory system and infects many organs Usually no symptoms -cell-mediated immunity Sometimes acute pulmonary infection arthralgias and skin lesions“desert rheumatism”or “valley fever” Disseminated coccidioidomycosis chronic meningitis -fatal if not treated (lifelong) Diagnosis:histopathology -presence of spherules Treatment- 12-24 months

Answer 38

Coccidioides immitis