Flashcards in Histopath - Paediatric Pathology Deck (18):
1
Complications of preterm birth
1. Respiratory distress syndrome
2. Necrotising entercolitis
3. Intraventricular haemorrhage
4. Patent ductus arteriosus
2
Cause of Necrotising entercolitis
Unknown but not exlcusive to preterm 20% at full term.
3
Necrotising entercolitis
• Seen in premature infants where portions of the bowel undergo necrosis (tissue death).
4
Targeted regions
• Often affects/Jejunum (regional) therefore if caught early can remove portions.
• Other underlying disease in necrotic samples
5
Hirschsprung’s disease: definition
Congenital absence of ganglion cells.
6
Hirschsprung’s disease Presentation
2-day-old boy
Failure to pass meconium
Abdominal distension
Bilious vomits
7
Hirschsprung’s disease Epi
1:5000
M: F – 4:1
• 10% Familial
• 10% Downs syndrome
• 80% sporadic
8
Hirschsprung’s disease Normal Process
5th-12th weeks gestation: migration from oesophagus → anus
9
Hirschsprung’s disease Lead to
Aganglionic colon
Total colonic - 1%
Partial – 5-10%
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Hirschsprung’s disease Complications
Entercolitis
Perforation = peritoneal infection
11
Hirschsprung’s disease Treatment
Surgical removal → malnutrition complications
12
Cystic Fibrosis epi
1:2000 live births
Most common lethal genetic disease
13
Cystic Fibrosis description
Thick tenacious secretions
14
CF Affected organ pathology
Bronchiectasis
Atresia → complete absence of a part of intestine
• Oesophageal (Instant vomiting)
• Small intestine (delayed manifestations) – incidence 1/1500: Easily curable
• Biliary (rare)
Risk of perforation
15
Biliary atresia epi
1:10,000 live births
Liver biopsy is the most reliable means of establishing the diagnosis
Surgery by 12 weeks
16
New born difficulty breathing differential
• Respiratory tract malformations congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation → chance of infection
• Respiratory tract malformations – Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
17
Kidney with recurrent UTI differentials
Mutlicystic dysplatic kidney → parts or all of 1 kidney
Autosomal recessive PKD (inherited)
• Both kidneys and therefore require dialysis
18