Histopath - Paediatric Pathology Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Histopath - Paediatric Pathology Deck (18)
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1
Q

Complications of preterm birth

A
  1. Respiratory distress syndrome
  2. Necrotising entercolitis
  3. Intraventricular haemorrhage
  4. Patent ductus arteriosus
2
Q

Cause of Necrotising entercolitis

A

Unknown but not exlcusive to preterm 20% at full term.

3
Q

Necrotising entercolitis

A

• Seen in premature infants where portions of the bowel undergo necrosis (tissue death).

4
Q

Targeted regions

A
  • Often affects/Jejunum (regional) therefore if caught early can remove portions.
  • Other underlying disease in necrotic samples
5
Q

Hirschsprung’s disease: definition

A

Congenital absence of ganglion cells.

6
Q

Hirschsprung’s disease Presentation

A

2-day-old boy
Failure to pass meconium
Abdominal distension
Bilious vomits

7
Q

Hirschsprung’s disease Epi

A
1:5000
M: F – 4:1
•	10% Familial
•	10% Downs syndrome
•	80% sporadic
8
Q

Hirschsprung’s disease Normal Process

A

5th-12th weeks gestation: migration from oesophagus → anus

9
Q

Hirschsprung’s disease Lead to

A

Aganglionic colon
Total colonic - 1%
Partial – 5-10%

10
Q

Hirschsprung’s disease Complications

A

Entercolitis

Perforation = peritoneal infection

11
Q

Hirschsprung’s disease Treatment

A

Surgical removal → malnutrition complications

12
Q

Cystic Fibrosis epi

A

1:2000 live births

Most common lethal genetic disease

13
Q

Cystic Fibrosis description

A

Thick tenacious secretions

14
Q

CF Affected organ pathology

A

Bronchiectasis
Atresia → complete absence of a part of intestine
• Oesophageal (Instant vomiting)
• Small intestine (delayed manifestations) – incidence 1/1500: Easily curable
• Biliary (rare)
Risk of perforation

15
Q

Biliary atresia epi

A

1:10,000 live births
Liver biopsy is the most reliable means of establishing the diagnosis
Surgery by 12 weeks

16
Q

New born difficulty breathing differential

A
  • Respiratory tract malformations congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation → chance of infection
  • Respiratory tract malformations – Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
17
Q

Kidney with recurrent UTI differentials

A

Mutlicystic dysplatic kidney → parts or all of 1 kidney
Autosomal recessive PKD (inherited)
• Both kidneys and therefore require dialysis

18
Q

Wilms tumour:

A
kidney nephroblastoma (abdominal mass)
•	Most common in adrenal glands (not brain)

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