Microbiology Antibiotics 1 Flashcards Preview

Question 1

1

Beta Lactams type

Answer

1. Penicillins
2. Cephalosporins
3. Carbapenems
4. Monobactams
5. Blactamase inhibitors

Question 2

2

Penicillin → Discovery

Answer

Alexander flemming 1929 used finally in 1940

Question 3

3

Penicillin → Resistance via

Answer

Enzymatic digestion of Beta Lactam ring or target site modification (MRSA) – bacteria change confirmation of enzymes and so B lactams canit bind

Question 4

4

Penicillin →Absorption

Answer

Oral: Poor oral absorption
IV

Question 5

5

Penicillin →Distribution

Answer

Body water about 0.2 L/Kg

Question 6

6

Penicillin →Metabolism

Answer

Peak concentration in 1-2h
Little metabolism

Question 7

7

Penicillin →Excretion

Answer

Mainly urinary excretion

Question 8

8

Penicillin →Side effects

Answer

Generally mild
• Allergy important as is assessment of allergy (analphylactive reactions)
• GI upset especially C.difficile in hospital with broad-spectrum agents.
• Hepatic
• Platelet
• CNS – convulsion
• Platelet abnormalities

Question 9

9

Penicillin →Indications: Penicillin V/G

Answer

B. haemolytic streptococci
Pneumococci
Meningococci
Gonococci (not susceptible anymore)
Anaerobes GPAC and clostridia (gas gangrene)
NB resistance in pneumococci
Gonococci

Question 10

10

Penicillin →Indications for flucloxacillin

Answer

S.aureus (NB resistance MRSA)

Question 11

11

Penicillin → Indiciation sfor Ampicillin/amoxicillin + clavunate (inhibitor)

Answer

Otitis media
COPD exacerbation
CAP
UTI
Skin and soft tissue infection
Surgical prophylaxis
Intra abdominal surgery

Question 12

12

Penicillin → Piperacillin/tazobactam

Answer

Hospital IV therapy 2nd line

Question 13

13

Penicillin →Broad spectrum example

Answer

Ampicillin/amoxicillin

Question 14

14

Penicillin →Blactam/Blactamase inhiitors example

Answer

Co-amoxiclav (amoxicillin-clavulante)
Piperacillin – tazobactam

Question 15

15

Penicillin →Inhibitor action

Answer

Prevent Beta lactamase action so by introducing an inhibitor it can block the enzyme produced y the bacteria aimed to breakdown the antibiotic and so this allows the antibiotic to act.

Question 16

16

Carbapenems: Example

Meropenem

Answer

Very broad spectrum

Answer

Injectable only
Used as 2nd/3rd line therapy in hospital

Answer

Typical Blactam pharmacokinetics

Answer

Remains rare

Answer

MRSA
Stenotrophomonas
Maltophilia
Some enterococci

Answer

Fungus cephalosporium acremonium in Sardinia

Answer

Generations on chronology and antimicrobial spectrum.

Answer

Cephalexin

Answer

Cefuroxime

Answer

Cefotaime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime

Answer

• MRSA
• Enterococci
• Listeria
• Legionella – no cell wall therefore beta lactams don’t work therefor combine with macrolides
• C. difficile
• Campylobacter
• ESBL producing E.coli, Klebsiella

Answer

• Acute meningitis (cefotaxime/ceftriaxone)
• Surgical prophylaxis (abdominal, orthopaedic, head and neck, obstetrical)
• UTI/acute pyelonephritis
• Chest infection
• CA sepsis of unknown site: ceftriazxone
• Hospital acquired sepsos unknow site: ceftazidine + 2nd agent
• Skin/soft tissue infection
• Intra abdominal infection + metronidazole

Answer

Gram positive cocci (Streptococci and Staphylococci) and Gram negatives

Question 17

17

Carbapenems: Specification

Question 18

18

Carbapenems: Absorption

Question 19

19

Carbapenems:Action

Question 20

20

Carbapenems:Resistance

Question 21

21

Carbapenems:Not active against

Question 22

22

Cephalosporins: Isolated from

Question 23

23

Cephalosporins: Classified based on

Question 24

24

Cephalosporins:First generation example

Question 25

25

Cephalosporins: Second generation example

Question 26

26

Cephalosporins: Third generation example

Question 27

27

Cephalosporins: Fourth generation example

Cefpirome

Question 28

28

Cephalosporins:Bacterial always resistant are:

Question 29

29

Cephalosporins: Indiciations

Question 30

30

Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM