Endo-Repro L17 Female 1

Question 1

Cortex comprises of

Answer 1

Follicles in stroma

Question 2

Follicles consist of

Answer 2

Primary oocyte (egg) plus surrounding granulosa cells

Question 3

Development of egg

Answer 3

Oogenesis

Question 4

Stages of Folliculogenesis:

Answer 4

1. Primordial
2. Primary (or antral)
3. Secondary (or antral)
4. Tertiary (or pre-ovulatory)

Question 5

Primordial

diameter
features
Additional

Answer 5

0.1 mm
Primary oocyte (arrested meiosis) surrounded by single layer of flattened granulosa cells
Transition is a spontaneous event

Question 6

Primary (Pre-antral)

diameter
features
Additional

Answer 6

0.5-4 mm Increase in size of oocyte. Proliferation of granulosa cells. Formation of zona pellucida

Requires FSH and LH to convert to next stage

Question 7

Secondary (antral)
diameter
features
Additional

Answer 7

5-20 mm
Formation of antrum and cumuls oophorus
Only after puberty

Question 8

Tertiary (pre-ovulatory)

Additional

Answer 8

20-25mm
Primary oocyte resumes meiosis – increase in volume of follicular cluid.
Formation of stigma
Occurred after LH surge

Question 9

Primordial follicles: Stage

Answer 9

Most primitive

Question 10

Primordial follicles:Consists of

Answer 10

A primary oocyte surround by flattened granulosa cells.

Question 11

Primordial follicles:Oocytes are formed by

Answer 11

Mitotic divisions of primordial germ cells and oogonia, granulosa cells derive from stroma

Question 12

Primordial follicles:Meiosis

Answer 12

Primary oocytes begin meiosis but immediately stop in prophase 1

Question 13

Primordial follicles:Location

Answer 13

Form a pool around the edge of the cortex.

Question 14

Follicular atresia

Answer 14

• Much occurs before birth and continues through childhood so by puberty there are about 0.5 million follicles remaining.
• Not altered by pregnancy or the pill
• Accelerated by genetic disorders and chemotherapy

Question 15

Primary (pre-antral) follicles: Formation is independent of

Answer 15

LH and FSH

Question 16

Primary (pre-antral) follicles: Involves

Answer 16

1. Enlargement of oocyte (still in arrested meiosis)
2. Proliferation of granulosa cells
3. Formation of zona pellucida
4. Formation of theca interna

Question 17

Secondary (antral) follicles Present in

Answer 17

Antrum

Question 18

Secondary (antral) follicles Formation needs

Answer 18

LH and FSH

Question 19

Secondary (antral) follicles Trigger

Answer 19

Slight rise of FSH causes approx. 12 to form at start of each m. cycle

Question 20

Secondary (antral) follicles Formation involves

Answer 20

1. Further proliferation of granulosa cells
2. Formation of antrum
3. Activation of theca interna

Question 21

Secondary (antral) folliclesProduces

Answer 21

Oestradiol

Question 22

Secondary (antral) follicles Majority undergo

Answer 22

Atresia

Question 23

Theca cell: Stimulation

Answer 23

LH

Question 24

Theca cell: LH effect causes

Answer 24

Cholesterol via cAMP to be converted into androstenedione testosterone

Question 25

Theca cell: Output

Answer 25

Androgenic effect if not aromatized in granulosa cell

Question 26

Granulosa cell: Stimulation

Answer 26

FSH

Question 27

Granulosa cell: FSH action on the cell

Answer 27

Testosterone converted to estradiol via aromatase

Question 28

Steroid hormones: Derived from

Answer 28

C27 sterol called cholesterol

Question 29

Steroid hormones: 3 groups and their functions

Answer 29

1. C21 progestogens (e.g. progesterone) → bind progesterone receptors 2. C19 Androgens (testosterone) → bind androgen receptor 3. C18 Oestrogens (e.g. oestradiol) → bind oestrogen receptor alpha and beta

Question 30

Follicular selection: | Occurs at

Answer 30

day 9

Question 31

Tertiary (pre-ovulatory, Graaffian) follicles → Amount per cycle

Answer 31

Only one

Question 32

Tertiary (pre-ovulatory, Graaffian) follicles →Formation requires

Answer 32

LH surge (LH now targets granulosa cells → due to estrogen

Question 33

Tertiary (pre-ovulatory, Graaffian) follicles → Involves

Answer 33

1. Brief further proliferation of granulosa cells 2. Luteinisation of granulosa cells 3. Swelling of follicle 4. Formation of stigma (site of rupture) 5. Resumption of meiosis

Question 34

Tertiary (pre-ovulatory, Graaffian) follicles →Rupture

Answer 34

About 24hr after onset of LH surge

Question 35

Tertiary (pre-ovulatory, Graaffian) follicles →Empty follicle forms

Answer 35

Corpus luteum

Question 36

Tertiary (pre-ovulatory, Graaffian) follicles → Poor LH surge may result in

Answer 36

Luteinisation without ovulation, or an “inadequate” corpus luteum