I

Question 1

a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory tasting no more than a few tenths of a second

Answer 1

iconic memory

Question 2

contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification.

Answer 2

id

Question 3

twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms.

Answer 3

identical twins

Question 4

the process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents’ values into their developing superegos

Answer 4

identification

Question 5

one’s sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent’s task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles

Answer 5

identity

Question 6

the perception of a relationship where none exists

Answer 6

illusory correlation

Question 7

retention without conscious recollection (of skills and dispositions)

Answer 7

implicit memory

Question 8

the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life.

Answer 8

imprinting

Question 9

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Answer 9

incentive

Question 10

the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.

Answer 10

independent varible

Question 11

giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals, and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications.

Answer 11

individualism

Question 12

expert systems and efforts to model human thinking inspired by our current understanding of how the brain works

Answer 12

industrial robots

Question 13

a sub field of psychology that studies and advises on workplace behavior Industrial/organizational (I/O) psychologists help organizations select and train employees, boost morale and productivity, and design products and assess responses to them.

Answer 13

industrial/organizational psychology

Question 14

influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality.

Answer 14

informational social influence

Question 15

people with whom one shares a common identity

Answer 15

ingroup

Question 16

the tendency to favor one’s own group

Answer 16

ingroup bias

Question 17

the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs.

Answer 17

inner ear

Question 18

a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions.

Answer 18

insight

Question 19

recurring problems in fatling or staying asleep

Answer 19

insomnia

Question 20

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.

Answer 20

instinct

Question 21

mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

Answer 21

intelligence

Question 22

defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 [thus, IQ (ma/ca)

Answer 22

intelligence quotient

Question 23

a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores.

Answer 23

intelligence test

Question 24

the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the wave’s amplitude.

Answer 24

intensity

Question 25

the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity

Answer 25

interaction

Question 26

the perception that one controls one's own fate

Answer 26

internal locus of control

Question 27

central nervous system neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs.

Answer 27

interneurons

Question 28

in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors in order to promote insight.

Answer 28

interpretation

Question 29

in Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood.

Answer 29

intimacy

Question 30

a desire to perform a behavior for its own sake and to be effective

Answer 30

intrinsic motivation

Question 31

a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening

Answer 31

iris