Lecture 1 Intro To Anatomy

Question 1

Anatomical position definition

Answer 1

Standing squarely on all 4 limbs with head and tail extended

Question 2

Dorsal

Answer 2

Toward the back

Question 3

Ventral

Answer 3

Toward the belly

Question 4

Rostral aka

Answer 4

Cranial

Question 5

Rostral

Answer 5

Closer to head along main body axis

Question 6

Caudal

Answer 6

Closer to tail along main body axis

Question 7

The hindlimb is ________ to the forelimb

Answer 7

Caudal

Question 8

Thorax is _______ to the pelvis

Answer 8

Rostral

Question 9

Which plane divides the animal into equal right and left halves

Answer 9

Median

Question 10

Is the median plane unique

Answer 10

Yes, only have 1

Question 11

Ipsilateral

Answer 11

On the same side of median plane

Question 12

Contralateral

Answer 12

On opposite side in median plane

Question 13

Medial

Answer 13

Towards midline (or median plane)

Question 14

Lateral

Answer 14

Away from midline

Question 15

How do we describe medial/lateral in limbs

Answer 15

Refer to inner and outer surfaces of limb

Question 16

Sagittal plane

Answer 16

Parallel to median plane

Question 17

How many sagittal planes are there

Answer 17

Infinite

Question 18

Dorsal plane

Answer 18

Define dorsal vs ventral

Question 19

How are limbs described in dorsal plane

Answer 19

-Dorsal = front of paws
-Palmar/plantar = rear/underside of forepaw and hindpaw

Question 20

Transverse plane definition

Answer 20

Longitudinal plane perpendicular to median and dorsal planes

Question 21

Transverse plane defines ________ vs ___________

Answer 21

Cranial vs caudal

Question 22

How are limbs described in transverse plane

Answer 22

-proximal region is closer to trunk
-paw is most distal
-cranial and caudal refer to front and rear surfaces proximal to carpus and tarsus

Question 23

Superficial

Answer 23

Towards surface of body or surface of solid organ

Question 24

Deep

Answer 24

Away from surface of body

Question 25

Skin is __________ to cutaneous trunci muscle

Answer 25

Superficial

Question 26

Vertebral column is _________ to skin and back muscles

Answer 26

Deep

Question 27

4 basic tissues

Answer 27

-epithelium -connective tissue -muscle -nervous tissue

Question 28

2 types of microscopy

Answer 28

-light microscopy -electron microscopy

Question 29

2 types of electron microscopy

Answer 29

-transmission electron microscopy -scanning electron microscopy

Question 30

How Light microscopy works

Answer 30

-photons interact with tissue components -light is focused with optical lens -histological stains

Question 31

How electron microscopy works

Answer 31

-electrons interact with tissue components -electrons focused with electromagnetic lens

Question 32

What does TEM show

Answer 32

Internal structure

Question 33

Areas that are electron dense in TEM appear

Answer 33

-dark because not many electrons have passed through

Question 34

Areas that are electron lucent in TEM appear

Answer 34

Lighter grey color because more electrons have passed through

Question 35

What does SEM show

Answer 35

External or surface structures

Question 36

4 steps to prepare stained slides

Answer 36

-fixation -embedding -sectioning -staining

Question 37

Fixation

Answer 37

Stop biological processes

Question 38

Embedding

Answer 38

Stabilize

Question 39

Sectioning

Answer 39

Slice

Question 40

2 basic types of stains/dyes

Answer 40

-basophilic -acidophilic

Question 41

Basophilic stain definition and appearance

Answer 41

-interact with acidic structures -acidic components appear blue or purple

Question 42

Example of basophilic stain

Answer 42

Hematoxylin

Question 43

Acidophilic stain definition and appearance

Answer 43

-interact with basic structures -turn components pink, red or orange

Question 44

Example of acidophilic stain

Answer 44

Eosin

Question 45

What is the most common stain used

Answer 45

-H & E (combination of hematoxylin and eosin)

Question 46

Which dye is used to stain collagen fibers blue or green

Answer 46

Trichome

Question 47

Which stain is used to stain carbohydrates magenta or purple

Answer 47

Periodic acid shift (PAS)

Question 48

Which stain is used to stain elastic fibers reddish brown or black

Answer 48

Orcein

Question 49

Artifacts: general definition

Answer 49

Something that is artificially made by people

Question 50

Artifacts: histological definition

Answer 50

-Tissue shrinkage and lost molecules -cracks and spaces in tissue under microscope