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Anatomy I > Lecture 28: Abdomen I Functional Anatomy of the Wall > Flashcards

Lecture 28: Abdomen I Functional Anatomy of the Wall Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

functions of abdominal wall during contraction (4)

A

-compression of abdominal viscera
-expiration, urination, defecation, parturition

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2
Q

3 ventral abdominal wall regions (surface anatomy)

A

-cranial abdominal region
-middle abdominal region
-caudal abdominal region

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3
Q

ventral abdominal wall cranial abdominal region: 3 subregions

A

-xiphoid
-left and right hypochondriac region

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4
Q

ventral abdominal wall middle abdominal region: 4 subregions

A

-umbilicus
-left and right lateral regions
-umbilical region

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5
Q

ventral abdominal wall caudal abdominal region: 3 subregions

A

-left and right inguinal regions
-pubic region

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6
Q

which regions are inguinal ligament and superficial inguinal ring found in

A

left and right inguinal regions

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7
Q

lateral abdominal wall surface anatomy: 3 areas

A

-dorsal
-ventral
-xiphoid process

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8
Q

lateral abdominal wall surface anatomy: dorsal region

A

lumbar

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9
Q

lateral abdominal wall: 3 subregions of ventral region

A

-cranial
-middle
-caudal

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10
Q

lateral abdominal wall surface anatomy beginning at xiphoid process

A

Xiphoid process –> last rib –> umbilicus –> lumbar spinous process –> lumbar transverse process (large) –> iliac crest (tuber coxae) –> pubis (medial to hindlimb) –> Greater trochanter (femur) –> tuber ischiarum

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11
Q

what is a trait/feature that defines all mammals

A

mammary glands

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12
Q

mammary glands: anatomy definition

A

modified, enlarged sweat glands

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13
Q

mammary glands: 2 products of interest

A

-colostrum
-milk

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14
Q

colostrum: definition and function (when is it produced)

A

-modified milk produced immediately after parturition
-passive transfer of immunity to newborn
-alkaline secretion with higher protein, vitamin A and antibodies

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15
Q

mammary gland composition

A

-compound tubuloalveolar gland
-consists of secretory units grouped into lobules by intervening connective tissue septa

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16
Q

bovine udder: what kind of teats

A

supernumerary

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17
Q

supernumerary teats: definition

A

-more developed glands

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18
Q

problem with supernumerary teats

A

may interfere with milking –> often removed from udders of cows and goats

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19
Q

udders specialization: venous drainage

A

drains to internal thoracic and external + internal pudendal veins

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20
Q

udders specialization: lymphatic drainage

A

from mammary lymph node

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21
Q

innervation of abdominal wall: flank and udder (5)

A

Last intercostal
Costoabdominal
Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal
Genitofemoral

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22
Q

3 holes in abdominal diaphragm

A

-caval foramen
-esophageal hiatus
-aortic hiatus

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23
Q

what passes through caval foramen

A

caudal vena cava

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24
Q

what passes through esophageal hiatus

A

-esophagus
-vagal trunks

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25
what passes through aortic hiatus
-aorta -azygous vein -thoracic duct
26
right and left crura: definition and function
-tendinous insertions that connect diaphragm to body wall
27
caval-caval anastamosis: definition
venous blood can be returned to heart from either cranial or caudal vena cava
28
2 caval-caval anastamoses in abdominal wall
-superficial -deep
29
superficial caval-caval anastamosis: definition, vessels, supply to
-within superficial fascia of ventral abdominal wall -between cranial and caudal superficial epigastric vessels -supply blood to superficial layers including mammary glands
30
muscle layers of abdominal wall (4)
-external abdominal oblique -internal abdominal oblique -transversus abdominis -rectus abdominis
31
rectus abdominis, external and internal oblique: 2 unique actions
-flex vertebral column when fellow muscles contract -unilateral bending of vertebral column
32
what is a specialization of external abdominal oblique
inguinal ligament
33
inguinal ligament
gap where caudal edge of external abdominal oblique doesn't have bony insertion
34
superficial inguinal ring is found in what muscle layer
external abdominal oblique
35
superficial inguinal ring: definition and function
-opening between abdominal and pelvic tendons of external abdominal oblique -allows passage of vessels and spermatic cord in males
36
what passes through the inguinal canal in males and females (3)
-external pudendal artery -efferent vessels from inguinal lymph nodes -genitofemoral nereve
37
what passes through inguinal canal in males only
-spermatic cord
38
components of spermatic cord (5)
-testicular artery and vein -deferent artery and vein -ductus deferens -cremaster muscle -spermatic fascia
39
cremaster muscle: definition and action
-muscle slip detached from internal oblique that passes onto spermatic cord -pulls in testes for temperature regulation
40
what is the deepest muscle of the lateral abdominal wall
transversus abdominis
41
specialization of internal oblique
cremaster muscle
42
what nerves innervate the abdominal wall
ventral rami/lumbar nerves
43
what axons are found in lumbar nerves (3)
-motor -sensory -postganglionic sympathetic
44
what abdominal muscle is homologous to rectus thoracis
rectus abdominis
45
rectus abdominis: origin and insertion
O: sternum and costal cartilages I: prepubic tendon to pubic brim
46
what is the common insertion for the abdominal muscles and the linea alba
prepubic tendon
47
transversalis fascia
lining of fascia deep to transversus abdominis that contacts peritoneum of abdominal cavity
48
transversalis fascia aka
subserous fascia because adjacent to peritoneum (serous membrane)
49
innervation of abdominal muscles (4)
last 8-9 intercostal nerves costoabdominal nerve iliohypogastric nerve ilioinguinal nerve
50
layers of abdominal wall muscles: superficial to deep
-skin -superficial fascia -external abdominal oblique -internal abdominal oblique -transversus abdominis -transversalis fascia -peritoneum
51
What forms the linea alba
Rectus sheath
52
Parent artery for cranial epigastric artery
Internal thoracic artery
53
Rectus sheath definition
Aponeuroses of abdominal wall muscles coming together at midline
54
Why is body wall weaker caudal to umbilicus
Aponeuroses of internal oblique and transversus abdominis change relative position to Rectus abdominis
55
Rectus sheath: cranial to umbilicus
-superficial: external oblique, internal oblique splits around Rectus abdominis -deep: transversus abdominis, epigastric arteries and veins
56
Rectus sheath: caudal to umbilicus
-superficial: external oblique, entire internal oblique -deep: transversus abdominis, epigastric arteries and veins
57
Rectus sheath: near pubis
-superficial: external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis -lateral: epigastric arteries and veins
58
Importance of linea alba
Site of superficial fascia and rectus aponeurosis where surgical approaches will not damage muscle tissue
59
What is a natural passageway from abdominal cavity out to abdominal wall
Inguinal canal
60
What structure is the abdominal entrance
Deep Inguinal ring
61
What structure is the exit from the Inguinal canal
Superficial Inguinal ring
62
Hernia definition
Displacement and protrusion of part of an organ through walls of body cavity
63
2 types of abdominal hernias
-umbilical -Inguinal
64
Umbilical hernia
Abdominal contents protrude into overlying subcutaneous fascia
65
Inguinal hernia
Abdominal contents pass through Inguinal canal and may project into scrotum in males
66
Deep muscles of dorsal abdominal wall (3)
-psoas major -psoas minor -quadratus lumborum
67
Psoas major, psoas minor, quadratus lumborum innervation
Lumbar ventral rami
68
Psoas major action
-flex hip joint -draw pelvic limb forward
69
Psoas minor action
Flex lumbar vertebral column
70
Quadratus lumborum action
-stabilize lumbar vertebral column -assist in lateral bending
71
Passage of lumbar ventral rami in abdominal wall
-Through transversus abdominis close to transverse processes -run deep to internal oblique toward ventral wall
72
Blood supply of abdominal wall deep to rectus abdominis within rectus sheath
Cranial and caudal epigastric arteries
73
(Deep) Cranial and caudal epigastric arteries definition
Anastamoses between continuation of internal thoracic and external iliac arteries
74
(Deep) Cranial and caudal epigastric veins definition
Anastamoses between caudal and cranial vena cava drainage

Anatomy I (35 decks)

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