Lecture 20: Visceral Nervous System

Question 1

what does the ANS innervate (3)

Answer 1

-smooth muscle
-cardiac muscle
-glands

Question 2

2 branches of visceral nervous system

Answer 2

motor=autonomics
-sensory

Question 3

how many cell bodies are found in somatic NS

Answer 3

1

Question 4

how many cell bodies are found in ANS

Answer 4

2 (preganglionic and postganglionic)

Question 5

where are preganglionic ANS cell bodies found (what system)

Answer 5

CNS

Question 6

where are postganglionic ANS cell bodies found (what division)

Answer 6

PNS

Question 7

2 divisions of sensory system of visceral NS

Answer 7

pain
nonpain

Question 8

which system is the diaphragm apart of and why

Answer 8

somatic NS
can choose to breathe (voluntary control)

Question 9

3 visceral structures present in body wall

Answer 9

-sweat and sebaceous glands
-arrector pili muscles
-vasculature

Question 10

body wall includes what

Answer 10

limbs (forepaws, hindpaws) and parts of head and neck

Question 11

3 distinct pathways of sympathetic NS

Answer 11

-to body wall
-to body cavity cranial to abdominal diaphragm
-to body cavity caudal to abdominal diaphragm

Question 12

lateral horn contains what kind of cell bodies and at what level

Answer 12

preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies from T1-L4 spinal cord levels

Question 13

preganglionic sympathetic pathway

Answer 13

lateral horn –> ventral horn –> ventral root –> mixed spinal nerve –> ventral ramus –> white ramus communicans –> paravertebral ganglion –> synapse

Question 14

what is contained within the paravertebral ganglion

Answer 14

postganglionic sympathetic cell bodies

Question 15

preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic pathway: epaxial musculature of body wall

Answer 15

lateral horn –> ventral horn –> ventral rooot –> mixed nerve –> ventral ramus –> white ramus –> paravertebral ganglion (synapse) –> out gray ramus communicans –> dorsal ramus

Question 16

preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic pathway: hypaxial musculature of body wall

Answer 16

lateral horn –> ventral horn –> ventral root –> mixed nerve –> ventral ramus –> white ramus –> paravertebral ganglion (synapse) –> out gray ramus communicans –> ventral ramus

Question 17

preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic pathway: body cavity cranial to diaphragm

Answer 17

lateral horn –> ventral horn –> ventral root –> mixed nerve –> ventral ramus –> white ramus communicans –> paravertebral ganglion –> synapse –> exit via cadiopulmonary splanchnic nerve

Question 18

preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic pathway: body cavity caudal to diaphragm

Answer 18

ateral horn –> ventral horn –> ventral root –> mixed nerve –> ventral ramus –> white ramus communicans –> paravertebral ganglion –> NO synapse –> exit via abdominopelvic splanchnic nerve

Question 19

preganglionic vs postganglionic cell bodies: locations found

Answer 19

-preganglionic T1-L4
postganglionic at every vertebral level (cauda equina)

Question 20

sympathetic chain/trunk

Answer 20

line up of all the paravertebral ganglia

Question 21

what levels are white ramus communicans only found and why

Answer 21

T1-L4
preganglionic sympathetic axons only enter sympathetic chain from T1-L4

Question 22

places where preganglionic axons (only at T1-L4) can synapse once entering sympathetic chain (4)

Answer 22

-paravertebral ganglion at that level
-move cranially in chain
-move caudally in chain
-exit chain without synapse –> synapse in a paravertebral ganglion on aorta

Question 23

are there gray ramus communicans at every level

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

why are there gray ramus communicans at every level

Answer 24

because postganglionic axons exit the chain at every level

Question 25

cauda equina contains what kind of roots

Answer 25

dorsal and ventral

Question 26

structures attached to every paravertebral ganglion at every level (5)

Answer 26

-somatic motor cell bodies in ventral horn -visceral and somatic sensory cell bodies in dorsal root ganglion -postganglionic sympathetic cell bodies in paravertebral ganglion -gray ramus communicans -connection to paravertebral ganglion above and below

Question 27

2 specialized structures attached to every paravertebral ganglion from T1-L4 spinal cord levels

Answer 27

-preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies in lateral horn -white ramus communicans

Question 28

all paravertebral ganglia from T5-T6 are attached to what nerves

Answer 28

abdominopelvic splanchnic

Question 29

2 structures missing caudal to L4

Answer 29

-no lateral horn (no preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies) -no white ramus communicans

Question 30

is there any parasympathetic to the body wall

Answer 30

no

Question 31

3 parasympathetic pathways

Answer 31

-head and neck -body caudal to neck including only the thorax, foregut and midgut -body caudal to neck including only hindgut and pelvic viscera

Question 32

where is preganglionic parasympathetic cell body found

Answer 32

brain

Question 33

how does preganglionic parasympathetic axon travel to body

Answer 33

vagus nerve

Question 34

where do vagus nerve and sympathetic chain separate

Answer 34

-cervical ganglion (C5-C6 paravertebral ganglion)

Question 35

where do preganglionic parasympathetic axons synapse

Answer 35

on postganglionic cell bodies in ganglia within wall of organ to be innervated

Question 36

where are postganglionic parasympathetic axons contained

Answer 36

within organ

Question 37

visceral pain definition

Answer 37

damage of visceral structure

Question 38

what pathway does visceral pain follow

Answer 38

sympathetic pathway from structure to spinal nerve --> dorsal root ganglion

Question 39

number of cell bodies in sympathetic visceral pain pathway (and where it's found)

Answer 39

1 in dorsal root ganglion

Question 40

nonpain definition/examples

Answer 40

sensations like fullness, bloating and cramping can be pleasant or unpleasant does not damage structure

Question 41

which pathway does nonpain follow

Answer 41

parasympathetic to the brain

Question 42

referred pain is found in what division of PNS

Answer 42

visceral sensory

Question 43

referred pain definition

Answer 43

pain signals get mixed up because organs in body cavity are associated with same spinal cord levels that body wall structures are associated with

Question 44

heart attack: referred pain

Answer 44

-pain in left arm due to similar spinal cord levels -heart pain: Sensory/afferent cell body --> paravertebral ganglion, no synapse--> white ramus communicans--> ventral ramus --> mixed nerve --> dorsal root ganglion --> dorsal horn --> synapse -arm pain sensation: mixed communication of visceral pain and somatic pain system