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Anatomy I > Lecture 32: Abdomen V Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Spleen > Flashcards

Lecture 32: Abdomen V Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

what is the largest gland in the body

A

liver

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2
Q

liver functions (4)

A

-carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism
-forms BILE
-destroys old RBCs
-vitamin and iron storage

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3
Q

destruction of RBCs in liver (what happens)

A

hemoglobin is excreted as bilirubin in bile

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4
Q

contents of bile (6)

A

-detoxified waste
-bile salts
-cholesterol
-phospholipid
-bilirubin
-electrolytes

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5
Q

why is bile necessary (4 functions)

A

-emulsification
-absorption
-digestion of fat
-make intestinal contents more alkaline (raise pH)

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6
Q

what cells produce bile

A

hepatocytes

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7
Q

what does bile mix with for absorption

A

chyme

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8
Q

location of liver

A

cranial to stomach

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9
Q

2 surfaces of liver

A

-visceral
-diaphragmatic

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10
Q

visceral surface of liver

A

impressions made by stomach

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11
Q

diaphragmatic surface

A

pull diaphragm away

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12
Q

6 lobes of liver

A

-right and left lateral
-right and left medial
-quadrate
-caudate

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13
Q

blood supply to liver

A

-majority from portal vein
-some from hepatic artery

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14
Q

hepatoduodenal ligament

A

portion of lesser omentum containing portal structures (hepatic artery, portal vein, bile duct)

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15
Q

hepatic artery

A

supply oxygenated blood to liver (25%)

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16
Q

portal vein: definition

A

delivers blood drained from abdominal digestive organs to liver
delivers 75% of liver’s blood supply

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17
Q

bile duct

A

delivers bile from liver and gallbladder to duodenum

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18
Q

where does portal vein receive blood from (2 with branches)

A

-gastroduodenal vein (right gastroepiploic, cranial pancreaticoduodenal)
-splenic vein (left gastroepiploic, pancreatics)

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19
Q

portal triad: 3 components

A

-portal areas
-hepatic sinusoids, bile canaliculi
-centrilobular region

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20
Q

portal areas: portal triad

A

-contain branches of portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct

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21
Q

hepatic sinusoids: portal triad

A

-hepatocytes interact with venous and arterial blood
-hepatocytes secrete bile into bile canaliculi

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22
Q

bile canaliculi: definition and function

A

-channels formed by tight junctions between hepatocytes
-transport bile to bile ductules (biliary system)

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23
Q

centrilobular region: portal triad

A

-deO2 blood carried to central vein

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24
Q

where does central vein drain to

A

hepatic vein –> caudal vena cava

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25
Q

which direction does bile travel vs blood

A

opposite

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26
Q

bilirubin: definition

A

brown pigment from breakdown of heme
-excreted in bile

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27
Q

how blood and bile flows within portal triad

A

-material in sinusoidal blood passes through gaps in endothelial cells to enter perisinusoidal space of Disse –> absorbed by hepatocytes

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28
Q

gallbladder functions (3)

A

-collect and store bile from liver
-concentration of bile (remove water and electrolytes)
-release bile into duodenum

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29
Q

what is gallbladder surrounded by

A

lobes of liver

30
Q

how does gallbladder release bile into duodenum

A

-duodenum and jejunum release cholecystokinin to cause rhythmic contraction of gallbladder and relaxation of sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla

31
Q

biliary tree

A

-Hepatic ducts drain into main cystic duct that drains to bile duct which drains into duodenum
-bile duct joins pancreatic duct

32
Q

what structure controls bile and pancreatic juice drainage

A

sphincter of oddi

33
Q

contraction of sphincter of oddi (sphincter of bile duct): effects

A

-prevent bile from entering duodenum
-bile flows up cystic duct to gallbladder for concentration and storage

34
Q

gallbladder: microanatomy (5 layers and functions)

A

-muscoa: simple columnar epithelium, short microvilli
-lamina propria: Na+ and water transported to concentrate bile
-muscularis exxterna: smooth muscle layers for peristalsis to empty bile from gallbladder
-adventitia: anchors to liver
-serosa: peritoneum, covers free surface

35
Q

what structure/organ do horses lack

A

gallbladder

36
Q

equine adaptation to no gallbladder

A

-widened bile duct = bile delivered to duodenum
-bile flows constantly

37
Q

what is the largest lymphoid organ in the body

A

spleen

38
Q

where do pancreatic ducts form and drain to

A

-form within body of pancreas
-drains into duodenum

39
Q

2 gland components of pancreas

A

-endocrine
-exocrine

40
Q

pancreas: exocrine gland

A

-produce digestive juices that are discharged into duodenum through ducts (from pancreatic acini)
-juice contains enzymes that break down protein, carbohydrates and fats

41
Q

pancreas: endocrine gland

A

-pancreatic islets (islets of langerhans) source of insulin, glucagon and gastrin for carbohydrate metabolism

42
Q

left lobe of pancreas adjacent to

A

greater curvature of stomach

43
Q

right lobe of pancreas adjacent to

A

descending duodenum

44
Q

exocrine secretion of digestive enzymes: process

A

acinus –> intercalated duct –> intralobular duct

45
Q

islets of langerhans release hormones into

A

fenestrated capillaries

46
Q

2 types of pancreatic acini

A

-acinar cell
-centroacinar cell

47
Q

pancreatic acinar cell: definition and function

A

compound tubuloacinar serous glands
release granules of digestive enzymes

48
Q

centroacinar cell: definition and function

A

compound tubuloacinar serous glands
produce alkaline fluid to keep digestive enzymes inactive

49
Q

which acinar cell contains receptors for cholecystokinin from duodenum

A

pancreatic acinar cell

50
Q

3 types of islet cells

A

alpha
beta
delta

51
Q

majority of islet cells are what type

A

beta

52
Q

alpha islet cells

A

produce glucagon

53
Q

beta islet cells

A

produce insulin

54
Q

delta islet cells

A

produce somatostatin

55
Q

how are islets of langerhans stained

A

pale

56
Q

blood supply to pancreas: anastamoses

A

cranial and caudal pancreaticoduodenal arteries
-pancreaticoduodenal arcade

57
Q

cranial pancreaticoduodenal artery: parent artery

A

gastroduodenal –> hepatic –> CELIAC

58
Q

caudal pancreaticoduodenal artery: parent artery

A

Cranial mesenteric

59
Q

spleen: functions (4)

A

blood reservoir (store rbcs and platelets)
destroy old rbcs
filter foreign particles, bacteria, phagocytic cells
produce lymphocytes

60
Q

which surface of spleen contacts the kidney

A

renal surface

61
Q

which surface of spleen contacts intestines

A

intestinal surface

62
Q

which surface of spleen sits next to stomach

A

gastric surface

63
Q

greater omentum in spleen aka

A

gastrosplenic ligament

64
Q

where does spleen originate/develop from

A

dorsal mesogastrium

65
Q

blood supply: spleen (2)

A

left gastroepiploic artery and vein from splenic artery and vein
short gastric arteries and veins

66
Q

arterial supply to stomach comes from

A

splenic artery

67
Q

why is spleen located adjacent to left region of greater curvature of stomach

A

stomach rotates during development

68
Q

feline splenic vasculature: difference

A

Left gastroepiploics branch from caudal splenic artery and vein (have 2 splenic arteries)

69
Q

microanatomy of spleen (2 components)

A

red pulp
white pulp

70
Q

red pulp: spleen

A

-contains macrophages that hemolyze damaged rbcs
contains all formed elements of circulating blood

71
Q

white pulp: spleen

A

1/4 of body’s lymphocytes that attack antigens circulating in blood

72
Q

which pulp type constitutes 75% of spleen volume

A

red

Anatomy I (35 decks)

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