Lecture 12: Integument Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
2 main components of integument
A
Skin and appendages (nails, claws, hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands)
2
Q
What is the largest organ in the body
A
Integument
3
Q
Integument is continuous with
A
Epithelial linings of mouth, anus, urethra, ear and eyelids
4
Q
Functions of Integument (5)
A
-barrier for protection
-provide immunological info
-convey sensory info
-excrete waste products
-thermoregulation
5
Q
3 layers associated with skin
A
-epidermis
-dermis
-hypodermis
6
Q
Is hypodermis technically considered part of skin
A
No
7
Q
What kind of tissue is hypodermis
A
Loose connective tissue
8
Q
Hypodermis function
A
-fat storage
-contains large blood vessels
9
Q
How do dermis and epidermis hang on to each other (structure)
A
Rete apparatus
10
Q
Rete apparatus definition
A
Interdigitations of epidermal ridges and dermal ridges
11
Q
Dermal ridges aka
A
Papillae
12
Q
Epidermis: cell type
A
Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
13
Q
Is epidermis vascular or avascular
A
Avascular
14
Q
Which integument layer is continuously renewed by mitosis
A
Epidermis
15
Q
Whether skin is thick or thin depends on
A
Thickness of epidermis
16
Q
How many layers of epidermis are there
A
5
17
Q
Does thick skin have hair
A
No
18
Q
Where is thick skin found
A
Palm, soles, foot pads
19
Q
What does thick skin lack
A
Hair follicles/sebaceous glands
20
Q
Thin skin contains how many layers of epidermis
A
3-4
21
Q
Think skin has
A
-hair follicles
-sebaceous glands
22
Q
Where is thin skin found
A
Most of body
23
Q
What is the main cell of the epidermis
A
Keratinocyte
24
Q
5 layers of epidermis (from deep to superficial)
A
-stratum basale
-stratum spinosum
-stratum granulosum
-stratum lucidum
-stratum corneum
25
Stratum basale attaches to
Dermis
26
Stratum basale goes along with what structure
Rete apparatus
27
What do cells of stratum basale lie on
Basement membrane
28
Stratum basale aka
Stratum germanitivum
29
What layer of epidermis are actively dividing cells found
Stratum basale
30
Features of organelles found in stratum basale
Large nucleus
Free ribosomes
31
What is produced in stratum basale
Tonofilaments
32
Tonofiliaments
Keratin Intermediate filaments
33
What are tonofilaments bundled into
Tonofibrils
34
Where are tonofibrils found (2 layers of epidermis)
Stratum basale and stratum spinosum
35
Purpose of desmosomes in stratum basale
Anchor 2 cells
36
What holds stratum basale to basal lamina
Hemidesmosome
37
Where are melanocytes located
Stratum basale
38
Melanocytes function (general)
-skin color
39
Do melanocytes contain desmosomes
No
40
What determines skin color
Distribution of melanocytes and how melanin is consumed
41
Is the number of melanocytes the same across groups
Yes
42
2 causes of albinism
-born without melanocytes
-congenital defect, can’t recognize melanin
43
Stratum spinosum aka
Prickle cell layer
44
What are the prickles in stratum spinosum
Where desmosomes hang on tightly
45
The cell layer adjacent of stratum basale is __________ ________
Mitotically active
46
Shapes of stratum spinosum cells
Cuboidal or slightly flattened
47
What binds cells of stratum spinosum cells tother
Nodes of bizzozero
48
Nodes of bizzozero
Filament filled cytoplasmic spines and desmosomes that bind cells of stratum spinosum together
49
Where are langerhans cells located
Stratum spinosum
50
Langerhans cells
Specialized macrophages that reside in stratum spinosum
51
Are langerhans cells found anywhere else besides skin
No
52
What is the last epidermal layer with nuclei (aka which is the last layer that is alive)
Stratum granulosum
53
Stratum granulosum is named for
2 types of granules
54
2 types of granules: stratum granulosum
-keratohyalin
-lamellar granules
55
Keratohyalin granules look like
Arrows
56
Function of stratum granulosum
-digest organelles (lysosomal enzymes)
57
What do lamellar bodies discharge
Lipid rich content
58
Function of lipid content discharged by lamellar bodies
-barrier for foreign materials
-water proof skin
59
Lamellar bodies are secreted by what cells
Keratinocytes
60
Keratohyalin granules are made by
Ribosomes
61
Keratohyalin granules are associated/bundled with what structures and why
-tonofibrils
-strengthen them
62
What structure lies between the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum
Lipid envelope
63
Stratum lucidum is only found where
Thick skin
64
3 Features of stratum lucidum
-no nuclei or organelles
-contains densely packed keratin
-clear, thin layer of very flattened cells
65
Stratum corneum organization
-many layers of flattened, non nucleated keratinized (Dead) cells with thick membranes and no organelles
66
More layers of stratum corneum are found in (thick or thin skin)
Thick
67
Deep layers of stratum corneum are held together by
Desmosomes
68
What happens at superficial layers of stratum corneum
Cells lose desmosomes and undergo desquamation
69
What is desquamation
Epidermal cells in stratum corneum slough off
70
In which epidermal cell layer does apoptosis of organelles occur
Granular cell/stratum granulosum
71
Dermis definition
Connective tissue layer deep to epidermis
72
What separates dermis from stratum basale
Basement membrane
73
Is dermis avascular or vascular
Vascular
74
Main function of dermis
Nourish epidermis
75
Langer lines/tension lines definition and functions
-patter of distribution of type 1 collagen fibers
-determine tension and wrinkle lines in skin
-determines paces and nature of wound healing
76
2 layers of dermis
-papillary
-reticular
77
Dermal papillary layer is what kind of tissue
Loose connective tissue
78
Which layer of dermis interdigitates with epidermis
Papillary layer
79
Where is Rete apparatus found in dermis (layer)
Papillary
80
What collagen fibers are found in dermal papillary layer
Type I and type III
81
Components of dermal papillary layer (4)
-collagen fibers
-elastic fibers
-Rete apparatus
-anchoring fibrils that extend from basal lamina into papillary layer
82
What type of tissue is found in dermal reticular layer
Dense irregular connective tissue
83
Reticular means
Network
84
Are reticular fibers found in dermal reticular layer
No
85
Components/structures in dermal reticular layer (5)
-type 1 collagen fibers
-thick elastic fibers
-smooth muscle (ar rector pills)
-epidermally derived glands
-hair follicles
86
Claws, nails, hair, sweat glands and sebaceous glands are all derived from
Epithelium of epidermis
87
Hair definition
Elongated keratinized structures derived from invaginations of epidermal epithelium (follicle)
88
What do sebaceous glands produce
Sebum (waxy)
89
Where are sebaceous glands located
Anywhere with thin skin
90
Why are sebaceous glands not found in thick skin
No hair
91
Sebaceous glands are required for health of what
Hair follicle
92
Sebaceous glands are most abundantly found where
Face, forehead, scalp
93
Sebaceous glands functions (2)
-hair flexibility
-maintain proper skin texture
94
What structure cradles sebaceous filaments
Arrector pilli muscles
95
Holocrine secretion
-sebaceous glands
-destroy cell
96
Sebaceous glands: acinus (definition and importance)
-basal layer of undifferentiated flattened epithelial cells resting on basal lamina
-packed with lipid filled vacuoles
97
Main function of sweat glands
Temperature regulation
98
2 types of sweat glands
-eccrine
-apocrine
99
Eccrine sweat glands shape
Simple (coiled) tubular
100
Are eccrine sweat glands associated with hairs
No
101
Eccrine sweat gland ducts open where
Skin surface
102
Eccrine sweat glands found where in dogs
Tongue and foot pads
103
What kind of secretion is found in eccrine sweat glands
Merocrine
104
Merocrine secretion: eccrine sweat glands
Exocytosis where cells are not damaged during secretion
105
Eccrine sweat glands: structure definition
Invaginations of epithelium into dermis/hypodermis
106
Apocrine sweat glands: functions (2)
-contain pheromones
-secrete milky product at axilla (Armpit) that is odorless until metabolized by bacteria
107
Apocrine sweat glands: structure location
-open into canals of hair follicle superficial to entry of sebaceous gland ducts
108
Lumen size apocrine vs eccrine (and why)
-larger lumen in apocrine sweat glands because secretory product stored in lumen
109
Is Merocrine secretion apocrine or eccrine
Eccrine
110
what do eccrine sweat glands look like histology
-simple coiled tubular shape
-surrounded by myoepithelial cells
-smaller lumen
-invagination of epithelium
