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Anatomy I > Lectures 6-7: Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Lectures 6-7: Connective Tissue Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

basic functions of connective tissue (5)

A

-structural framework
-conducts and translates muscle contractions into movement
-forms stroma of glands and organs
-medium for metabolic exchange
-site of fat and mineral storage

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2
Q

general characteristics of connective tissue (4)

A

-highly vascular
-low cell density
-extensive ECM
-retain stem and mitotic cells for tissue growth

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3
Q

2 components of ECM

A

-ground substance
-fibers

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4
Q

function of ECM

A

-determine physical properties

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5
Q

ground substance features

A

-colorless, transparent, gel like
-highly hydrated

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6
Q

2 macromolecules present in ground substance

A

-proteoglycans
-glycosaminoglycans

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7
Q

glycosaminoglycans features

A

-repeating disaccharide units
-negatively charged

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8
Q

what ion is attracted to glycosaminoglycans

A

sodium

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9
Q

what is the hydrating element of ground substance

A

glycosaminoglycans

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10
Q

proteoglycans definition

A

glycosaminoglycans covalently bonded to core protein

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11
Q

proteoglycans functions (2)

A

-cushion against compression (think sponge)
-aid in material exchange

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12
Q

large aggregates of proteoglycans function

A

-enhance role of glycosaminoglycans
-occupy large volume
-resist fluid movement

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13
Q

2 fibers in ECM

A

-collagen
-elastic

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14
Q

what is the most common protein in the body

A

collagen

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15
Q

collagen function

A

tensile strength (flexible not elastic)

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16
Q

collagen organization (smallest to largest)

A

fibrils –> fibers –> bundles

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17
Q

what determines the type of collagen

A

length and color of fibril bands

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18
Q

periodicity

A

-rate at which the collagen stripes exist
-results from presence of overlap and gap regions between collagen fibrils

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19
Q

which type of collagen is most common

A

type 1

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20
Q

type 1 collagen has highest ____________

A

tensile strength

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21
Q

type 1 collagen under light microscopy

A

-pink fibers and bundles with H and E
-acidophilic

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22
Q

type 2 collagen definition

A

slender fibrils found in cartilage

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23
Q

type III collagen fibers aka

A

reticular fibers

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24
Q

type III/reticular fibers function

A

filter fluid

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25
how are type III fibers stained
silver
26
how do type III/reticular fibers appear
-branching, delicate like meshwork
27
core of elastin surrounded by
sheath of microfibrils
28
elastic always accompanies
collagen
29
elastic fibers vs collagen under miscroscope
-elastic: stringy, black -collagen: thicker, dark pink
30
elastic vs reticular fibers appearance
reticular fibers branch, elastic don't
31
example of connective tissue cell that originates in and permanently resides in CT
fibroblasts
32
examples of CT cells that migrate into CT to perform functions
-host defense, WBCs -mast cells, macrophages, plasma cells, leukocytes
33
what is the most abundant and widely distributed fixed cell
fibroblast
34
fibroblast appearance
elongated, oval nucleus
35
fibrocyte
inactive version of fibroblast
36
2 types of adipocytes
-unilocular -multilocular
37
most common adipocyte
unilocular
38
unilocular adipocyte
-large white cell -thin rim of cytoplasm -single lipid droplet
39
where are multilocular adipocytes located
brown adipose tissue
40
multilocular adipocyte: definition
-fat stored in multiple lipid inclusions (many small droplets)
41
multilocular adipocyte: function
-non shivering thermogenesis (heat production)
42
multilocular adipocytes most present in who
infants
43
when are mast cells released
after exposure to sensitized antigens
44
granules present in mast cells (3)
-histamine -heparin -leukocyte chemotactic factors
45
histamine function
blood vessel permeability, makes cell swell
46
heparin function
anticoagulant
47
leukocytic chemotactic factors function
attract WBCs
48
where are mast cells found and why
-near blood vessels in skin, digestive system and respiratory system -need to react quickly, come in contact with pathogens/antigens
49
mast cell: normal inflammatory response
-antigen exposure --> mast cells release histamine and leukocyte chemotactic factors --> surrounding epithelial cell opens to allow WBCs to come through
50
macrophages originate where
bone marrow
51
precursor to macrophages called
monocyte
52
macrophages undergo which form of endocytosis
phagocytosis
53
macrophages use/have __________ for phagocytosis
pseudopodia
54
what gives macrophages bubbly appearance
phagosomes and lysosomes
55
plasma cells function
synthesize and secrete antibodies
56
what organelle is required to make antibodies
rough ER (protein)
57
plasma cells are made by what cells
B cells
58
where are plasma cells mainly found
GI and respiratory tract
59
general types of connective tissue (4)
-loose -dense -adipose -reticular
60
loose CT aka
areolar
61
loose CT appearance
-sparse, loosely arranged fibers -looks open -a lot of ground substance
62
where is loose CT located
-beneath epithelium -near lumen
63
loose CT is the primary site for what kind of reactions
immune and inflammatory
64
dense CT appearance
-many bundled fibers -little ground substance -looks compact
65
different types of dense CT (2)
-dense -irregular
66
irregular vs regular CT
-irregular is disorganized, strong is all directions -regular is linear (nuclei one after the other)
67
reticular tissue appearance
delicate, lattice work of reticular fibers
68
where is reticular tissue found
-organs that filter = blood or lymph -endocrine glands
69
How to identify loose connective tissue histology
Very few fibers present Abundance of cells/nuclei
70
How to differentiate skeletal vs cardiac vs smooth muscle under microscope
Skeletal = peripherally located, flat nucleus (towards top of striations) Cardiac = centrally located nucleus, intercalated discs, branching Smooth = centrally located nucleus, no striations
71
how to identify macrophage under microscope
-psuedopodia -lysosomes
72
how to identify plasma cell under microscope
-weird shaped nucleus -extensive euchromatin in nucleus

Anatomy I (35 decks)

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